司马迁自叙生于建元年间——兼论张守节《史记正义》不可尽信

Sima Qian Was Born in the Jian-yuan Period in His Biography

司马迁把自己的生年系于父亲的行年之下,就像把父亲的逝年系于君王的行年之下一样,况且自己之生就是父亲生平中的一件大事。所以他说:"太史公仕于建元元封之间。……太史公既掌天官,不治民。有子曰迁。迁生龙门,耕牧河山之阳。""有子曰迁"之"有"是生的意思。《词源》"有"的第二个义项是"发生"的意思。从上下文看"有子曰迁"也是"生子曰迁"之意。"有子曰迁,迁生龙门"是司马迁明写自己生于建元年之后。张守节注《史记》之"正义"断章取义,自相矛盾体。说司马迁的家乡韩城在"河之北",不足为据。

Sima Qian made his birthday tie to his father＇s age,just like the father＇s death under the king＇s age,as well as his birth was a major event in the father＇s life. Therefore,he said ＂Taishigong was an official during the periods between Jian-Yuan and Yuan-feng… After Taishigong palmed astronomy,he no longer administered the people. He had a son named Qian who was born in Longmen.He led a farming and livestock life in the north of the Yellow River and in the south of Longmen Mountain.＂From the context Sima Qian said obviously he was born in the period of Jianyuan in Longmen. ＂Annotation to Historical Records＂by Zhang Shoujie made the contradictory comments,which wrote Sima Qian＇s hometown Hancheng in the ＂North of the River＂.