司马迁对秦蜀栈道的体验与书写

Comments on the Effective Experience of the Qinling Plank Roads to Shu by Sima Qian in His Writing

秦岭南北的关中盆地和四川盆地,雄踞于河、渭与江、汉的上游,背靠西部辽阔雄奇的高原,面向东部坦荡如砥的平原,高屋建瓴,形势险要,是秦汉王朝统一全国的战略基地。刘邦帝业的成功、汉初三杰的智慧和汉武大帝的向西开拓、丝绸之路的开通,都不约而同地利用了秦、蜀一体化与农、牧一体化,而这两个一体化的大动脉是联系大西北与大西南的千里栈道。司马迁的栈道之旅,是他对秦蜀千里栈道的第一次系统考察和完美展示,对建构自己以栈道为轴心的西部文明生成发展体系起到了重要的印证和促进作用。

Guanzhong Basin and Sichuan Basin,which are in the north and south of Qinling Moutains respectively,are located in the upstream areas of the Yellow River,the Wei River,the Yangtze River and the Han River,are backed by magnificent plateau in the West and are faced with the eastern huge plain. Thus,this kind of geographic position makes Guanzhong Basin and Sichuan Basin strategically situated in advantageous position and difficult to be accessed and became the strategic base of Qin and Han Dynasties for unifying the country. The success of Liu Bang＇s reign of emperor,Three Outstanding heroes in the Early Han Dynasty and exploration toward the western area by the Great Emperor Hanwudi and the opening of the Silk Road,all take advantages of the integration of Qinling and Shu,as well as the integration of agriculture and herding. Moreover,the core of these two integrations is the Qingling Plank Roads to Shu,which connect the northwest and the southwest. Sima Qian＇s experience of the plank roads is the first time of comprehensive study and perfect display on the Qinling Plank Roads to Shu. This experience has an important role in corroborating and promoting the construction of his theory on the formation and development of the western civilization.