皮口海域中国对虾生长特性的初步研究

Growth characteristics of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis in Pikou Bay in north Yellow Sea

为了解增殖放流后,黄海北部海域中国对虾Fenneropenaeus chinensis的生长状况,于2015年6—10月在黄海北部辽宁省皮口海域进行了6个航次的回捕调查,共采集样品1434尾,并对其生长指标进行测量分析。结果表明:皮口海域中国对虾体长和体质量呈幂函数关系,雌虾W=8×10^(-6)L3.0729,雄虾W=9×10^(-6)L3.0573;采用Von Bertallanffy生长方程对皮口海域中国对虾体长、体质量进行拟合,雌虾Lt=230.09[1-e-0.0098(t-29.54)]、Wt=144.87[1-e-0.0098(t-29.54)]3.0729,雄虾Lt=175.05[1-e-0.0151(t-34.73)]、Wt=65.98[1-e-0.0151(t-34.73)]3.0573;皮口海域中国对虾在生长过程中表现出雌、雄差异,前期雄虾体长生长速度快于雌虾,约74 d后,雌虾体长生长速度明显快于雄虾,雄虾体质量生长拐点出现在109 d前后,而雌虾则出现在144 d前后;与历史文献相比较,皮口海域中国对虾的生长系数k值较小,显示出生长速度可能较其他海区有减缓的趋势,但渐近体长和渐近体质量有增大趋势;皮口海域中国对虾摄食等级存在月份差异。本研究结果可为探讨大规模增殖放流后黄海北部现有中国对虾种群的自然状况及制定相关管理策略提供科学依据。

The body length（ L）,body weight（ W） and stomach content were measured in 1434 individuals of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis collected in the area of Pikou Bay in North Yellow Sea by six vessels during investigation from June 2015 to October 2015 to evaluate the growth characteristics of Chinese shrimp. Results showed that the relationship between body length and body weight of the Chinese shrimp was described by a power function formula： W = 8 × 10^-6L3. 0729 in female and W = 9 × 10^-6L3. 0573 in male. The growth equations of the Chinese shrimp was expressed by Von Bertallanffy growth equation as Lt= 230. 09[1-e-0. 0098（ t-29. 54）],and Wt= 144. 87[1-e-0. 0098（ t-29. 54）]3. 0729 in female; Lt= 175. 05[1-e-0. 0151（ t-34. 73）] and Wt= 65. 98[1-e-0. 0151（ t-34. 73）]3. 0573 in male. There was different growth rate between female and male in Pikou Bay,better in male than that in female at early life. The female shrimp had better growth than the male ones did about 74 days after stocking,with infection points in body weight in male about 109 days and 144 days in female. The growth index k seemed to be smaller in Pikou Bay compared with references recorded in other sea areas,indicating that the growth of Chinese shrimp in Pikou Bay was poorer than in other sea areas,even though L∞and W∞were larger than in other sea areas. There were different degrees of stomach contents in various months,and growth characteristics of Chinese shrimp population after large scale stock enhancement in North Yellow Sea were discussed. The findings would be beneficial for establishment of stock enhancement stratege in the future.