岩扇贝闭壳肌营养成分的分析及与中国3种扇贝的比较

Analysis,evaluation and comparison of nutritive composition in rock scallop Crassadoma gigantean with three Chinese scallops

为研究岩扇贝Crassadoma gigantea闭壳肌的营养成分,采用常规营养分析方法,对岩扇贝及虾夷扇贝Patiopecten yesoensis、海湾扇贝Argopecten irradians和栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri闭壳肌的一般营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成、部分矿物元素含量进行了测定,并对4种扇贝闭壳肌营养成分进行了比较分析与评价。结果表明:岩扇贝闭壳肌中水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分和总糖的质量分数(鲜计)分别为78.68%、16.13%、0.92%、1.77%和1.92%,与另3种扇贝相比,岩扇贝闭壳肌的粗蛋白质与灰分含量相对较高,水分与粗脂肪含量较低,总糖含量与虾夷扇贝接近,高于栉孔扇贝,低于海湾扇贝;岩扇贝闭壳肌中必需氨基酸总量(EAA)为5.17%,占氨基酸总量的35.54%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比为59.10%,略高于其他3种扇贝,接近FAO/WHO的理想氨基酸模式,呈味氨基酸(DAA)总量为7.25%,占氨基酸总量的49.82%;岩扇贝闭壳肌中高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)含量占总脂肪酸的48.56%,其中EPA和DHA占总脂肪酸的41.84%,略高于海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝;岩扇贝闭壳肌矿物元素中常量元素的含量依次为K>Mg>Ca,微量元素中Zn含量较为丰富。研究表明,岩扇贝闭壳肌具有高蛋白质、低脂肪的特点,食用价值和保健作用较高,是一种具有潜在引种价值的扇贝。

Approximate composition,amino acids,fatty acids and mineral elements in an adductor were investigated in rock scallop Crassadoma gigantea by means of ordinary nutritive analytical method and compared with the three Chinese scallops including yesso scallop Patiopecten yesoensis,bay scallop Argopecten irradians,and Chlamys farreri to investigate the nutritive composition of rock scallop. The results showed that there were moisture of 78. 68%,crude protein of 16. 13%,crude fat of 0. 92%,total ash of 1. 77% and total carbohydrate of 1. 92% in the rock scallop. The contents of ash and crude protein were shown to be higher in rock scallop compared with other three species scallops,while there were lower moisture and crude fat contents in the rock scallop than those in the three Chinese scallops,with total polysaccharide content being closed to yesso scallop. The rock scallop had essential amino acids（ EAA） of 5. 17% and delicious amino acids（ DAA） of 7. 25%,with EAA/TAA ratio of 35. 54% and DAA/TAA ratio of 49. 82%. The ratio of essential amino-acids to non-essential amino-acids（ EAA/NEAA）in adductor muscle of rock scallop was 59. 10%,a little higher and closer to ideal amino acid pattern（ IAAP） in FAO/WHO than the other three species,indicating that the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization（ FAO/WHO） Standards. The contents of highly unsaturated fatty acids（ HUFA） were 48. 56%,including the total EPA and DHA contents of41. 84%,higher than that in the three ordinary scallops. The rock scallop had high level of mineral contents and trace elements,such as K,Mg,Ca and Zn. In conclusion,the rock scallop as a potential aquaculture species is a nutritive and delicious shellfish that is characterized by rich in protein,and poor in fat.