先秦儒家学说中“抗拒证伪”因子对信仰危机的化解

Factors Defusing the Belief Crisis of Confucianism in the Pre-chin Period

先秦时期,儒家的政治实践与教化实践都遭遇了挫折,但仍能保持"显学"的地位,并未出现严重的信仰危机。这是因为其以宣讲成圣成贤世俗福音的方式,与民众"战乱中寻求庇护的心理"相契合,以历史的讲述作为工具消除了民众对儒家学说可能产生疑虑的行为,在一定程度上都起着"抗拒证伪"的作用。最后,在与历史类比思维相合的同时,强化了抗拒证伪的效果,从而消除了其可能遇到的信仰危机。然而,对信仰危机的消除也阻碍了儒者对其学说自身的反思与改进。这是儒家学说在先秦始终未能在政治上有进一步建树的原因之一。

In the Pre-Chin Period,although its political and educational practices failed, Confucianism still held its position in politics and education and did not face belief crisis. Its teachings of becoming saints and sage by believing in Confucianism principles which accorded with people＇s needs for the sense of security in a turmoil age,its historical narration which helped clear up people＇s doubts about it, and its combination with the historical and analogical thinking, may have helped it out of the belief crisis. But the defusing of belief crisis has also hindered Confucianism from self-reflection and improvement. This is one of the reasons why Confucianism could not make success in politics in the Pre-chin period.