基于RS的城镇用地信息提取及格局发展研究

RS-Based Information Extraction and Development Pattern of Urban Land Utilization

选取2000年与2015年Landsat ETM+/OLI遥感影像为数据源,以齐齐哈尔市为例,利用波段构建增强的指数型建筑用地指数(Enhanced Index-based Built-up Index,EIBI),提取该市2000年及2015年城镇建设用地数据,提取精度达到90%以上。选取年均扩展率、扩展强度指数、间隙度指数、平均分形维数和空间关联指数作为研究指标,剖析齐齐哈尔市城镇格局的时空演变特征,耦合自然与人为因素,揭示该市城镇化进程和特点,并对进一步加快城镇建设进行思考。结果表明:利用EIBI提取城镇用地信息过程客观、效率较高,人工修正后精度达到95%以上。齐齐哈尔市2000年城镇建设用地面积为147 186.69 hm^2,2015年为201 015.38 hm^2,年均扩展率为2.10%,扩展强度为9.10%。城镇外形结构变得相对复杂,城镇化发展具有较低水平的多元化分散分布特征,城镇扩张冷热点分布不均,空间联系程度低,未出现城区与乡镇的区域协调快速发展。齐齐哈尔市城镇化发展空间潜力较大,亟需合理解决阻碍城镇建设的障碍。

The remote-sensing images of Landsat ETM＋/OLI of Qiqihar city in 2000 and 2015 were collected as the data sources in this study.An enhanced index-based built-up index （EIBI）was built using the wave band.Urban construction land data in 2000 and 2015 was extracted by means of EIBI,with extraction accuracy above 90%.The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of Qiqihar cities and towns pattern were analyzed by taking the average annual expansion rate,expansion strength index,lacunarity index,the average fractal dimension and spatial correlation index as research indicators.The urbanization process and characteristics of Qiqihar city were revealed through coupling natural and human factors,and the speed of urban construction was further discussed.The results showed that it is objective and of relatively high efficiency that the process of using EIBI to extract the urban land information.The manually corrected accuracy was over 95%.The area of urban construction land of Qiqihar was 147 186.69 hm^2 in 2010 and was 20 115.38 hm^2 in 2015,with the annual extension rate of 2.10% and extension strength of 9.10%.The contour of urban town became relatively complicated.The urbanization development exhibited the diversification and decentralization as well as uneven distribution characteristics of hot and cold spots.The spatial connection of urban expansion was in a lower degree and the rapid development of the urban and rural regional coordination has not been appeared.Qiqihar city has potentials for the great urban development,and eagerly needs reasonable solutions to the barriers hindering the urban construction.