“古法”与“古意”:中国古代书论范畴“古”的两个维度

The Two Dimensions of Methodology and Aesthetic Significance of the Concept of Classicism in Calligraphy Theories

中国古代书论范畴"古"在运用中主要体现为两个维度,一是作为创作论的"古法",二是作为作品形态及风格论的"古意"。书论中对"古法"的具体理解包含帖学古法与碑学古法,二者都饱含了自然启示的天文之章与天才创造的人之精华。书论一方面尚古、摹古、师古,另一方面也贯穿了变古创新的辩证思想。"古意"包含多种审美意蕴,主要包括:古劲、古厚与古茂;奇古、古逸;古质、古拙;古雅、高古。

The two dimensions of the concept of classicism in Chinese calligraphy theories embrace methodology and aes- thetic significance, concerning creating and styles of calligraphic pieces respectively. The methodology includes taking a leaf out of the copybook of classical pieces and inscription of time-honored stele, the gist of which lies both in the rules of calligraphy and the creativity as demonstrated in the classical pieces. While putting premium on adhering to the classical doctrines, innovation is advocated in classical calligraphy theories. Aesthetic significance covers such characteristics as vigor, conciseness and elegance.