完善国际石油体系:中国的角色和作用

China's role and function in improving the international oil system

国际石油体系由石油供应、石油需求、石油贸易和国际机制四大要素构成,其中供应和需求是基础,贸易是优化资源配置和推动市场平衡的手段,国际机制是维护体系平稳、高效运行的制度保障。回顾了国际石油体系的演进历程,总结了三段历史时期国际石油体系的特点及成因。2000年后,世界石油产业和市场格局发生深刻变化,现行国际石油体系出现不适,建议:1)构建更加广泛参与的、包容的国际石油体系;2)加强产油国和消费国在贸易领域的深度合作;3)推动建立多元化的石油货币机制;4)完善现行国际石油价格形成机制,使石油属性回归商品的本质。在这一进程中,中国应以"能源革命"理念为指导,构建清洁、绿色、低碳的能源体系;加快实施"一带一路"战略,提升与沿线国家的石油投资和贸易合作水平;加快构建更加公平高效、竞争有序的现代石油市场体系;促进产业资本和金融资本的融合,提升在国际石油体系中的参与度。

International oil system consists of four main elements, namely supply, demand, trading and international mechanism with supply and demand being the basis, trading being the means to optimize the allocation of oil resources and balance supply and demand in the oil market and international mechanism as the institutional guarantee to maintain a stable and efficient operation of the international oil system. This article reviews the evolution of international oil system and summarizes its characteristics and causes in three historical phases. After entering into the new millennium, the pattern of world oil industry and market has experienced radical changes. The current international oil system needs to be improved constantly to adapt to these changes. It suggests： 1） collecting all forces to construct extensive and inclusive international oil system; 2） strengthening cooperation between oil producing countries and consuming countries in oil trading; 3） pushing forward a diversified oil currency mechanism; 4） improving current internal oil pricing system to bring back the commodity nature of oil. During the process, China should, with a vision of ＂Energy Revolution＂, construct a clear, green and low carbon energy system, speed up the implementation of Belt and Road Initiative to enhance the level of oil investment and trading with the relevant countries, accelerate the construction of a fair and efficient modern oil market system, and promote the combination of industrial capital and financial capital to enhance the participation in the international oil system.