交换理性批判及其意义

A Critique of Exchange Rationality and Its Significance

交换理性发源于人类的生存需要,通过劳动分工和市场交换,成为人类一种基本的思维方式。其基本特征是排斥身份和地位的因素,个人通过满足他人需要的利他行为交换自己所需的生活资料,达到利己目的。西方市民社会的商品交换经历了从个人生活必需品的使用价值交换到通过市场的商品价值交换的过程,在这个过程中发展出抽象的商品和人的意识,并产生了个人自由与平等意识。这对中国社会主义市场经济也是重要借鉴。

Rational exchange emerges from mankind's requirements for subsistence,and-through the division of labor and market exchange-becomes one of mankind's basic modes of thinking.It is both the source of personal self-consciousness and the foundation of rational and practical cognition.Through altruistic behavior meeting the needs of others,individuals exchange for their means of subsistence and achieve self-serving purposes.Historically,commodity exchange in Western civil society moved from focusing on the use value of individual necessities to focusing on the market value of goods,a process during which there developed not only an abstract consciousness of goods and people but also a concept of individual freedom and a sense of equality.For China's developing socialist market economy to achieve fairness and justice,it is important to establish the universality of rational exchange.