关于汽车五连杆悬架结构优化设计

Optimization design about the structure of five link suspension

五连杆悬架的结构设计影响悬架的K&C特性,而悬架K&C特性是影响汽车操纵稳定性的重要因素,为了提高汽车的操纵稳定性,需对悬架的结构进行优化。由于五连杆悬架硬点多,优化效率低的特点,利用空间运动学中刚体姿态变换理论建立五连杆悬架运动学模型,并通过Adams/Car建立的仿真模型得到验证,以上述数学模型为基础,采用模糊灰色关联分析模型对影响悬架K&C特性的关键硬点进行了灵敏度分析,结合NSGA-II算法对五连杆悬架进行多目标优化,获得Pareto最优解集。结果表明,优化后车轮外倾角、前束角和轮距变化范围减小,减小了轮胎磨损,提高汽车的操纵稳定性,表明改进模型对五连杆悬架结构优化效果良好。

The structure design of five- link suspension affects the suspension KC characteris,and suspension KC characteristics are important factors in car handing stability,so the structure of suspension must be optimized to improve the handing stability. In view of many hard- points and low optimize efficiency,a mathematical model for multi- link suspension was built up using the attitude coordinate transformation of rigid body in spatial kinematics.Compared with Adams / Car module,the math model was verified. Based on the derived model,the sensitivity of key hard- points,which affects suspension KC characteristics,was analysed with the fuzzy grey correlation analysis model. Combined with the NSGA- II algorithm,the five link suspension was optimized for multi- objective and the Pareto optimal solution set was obtained. The results show that the values of camber angle,toe angle and wheel travel track are reduced,and the method can achieve good effects in optimizing multi- link suspension. The optimized suspension is more conducive to vehicle handling stability,and reduces tire wearing loss as well.