地质断层三维建模的表达式方法

The Research of Expression Method on Geological Fault Modeling

针对地质断层三维建模及可视化领域中现有技术存在的模拟断层局限性、插值困境等问题,本文提出了断层表达式方法建模方法。首先,以地质断层构造的形成机制为理论依据,分析构造断层表达式所需要运算对象和算子,构建表达式规则,并运用上下文无关文法对表达式规则进行形式化描述;然后,对断层原始勘探数据进行规范化,形成构建断层表达式所需要的断层二维数据表,从中提取构建断层表达式的运算对象集合和算子集合,形成断层表达式;最后,对断层表达式进行计算,形成断层地质体抽象模型,并结合相关勘探数据运用相关算法及图形库等工具进行三维地质建模及可视化。实验以包含多条断层的达连河地质体数据为基础进行实验验证,建模结果与真实地质情况符合。实验结果表明,断层表达式建模方法解决了现有技术的局限性问题,避免了对地层断裂区域的插值运算,从而解决了插值困境等问题。

The limitations of expressing faults, the interpolation dilemma and other problems exist in the 3D modeling and the visualization technique of geological faults. Through our research, the reason why these problems exist is that these methods mainly focus on the geometrical morphology of the geological faults and do not concern the formation mechanism of the geological faults. As we all know, no matter how complex the geologic bodies that containing the geological faults are, the formation mechanisms which they depend on are similar. Besides, the modeling of the geologic faults is composed of a series of processes. If we can model the faults through certain ways to express their formation mechanisms, then we may solve the above mentioned problems and limitations. Thus, we proposed an expression method to express the formation mechanism for modeling and visualizing the geological faults. Firstly, we analyzed the operands and operators needed to construct the geological fault expression, constructed the rules for the expression based on the theory of formation mechanism of the geological faults, and used the context-free grammar rules to describe the rules for fault expression based on the formation mechanism. Then, we formated the original fault exploration data to the standardize 2D data table, extracted the operators and operands from the 2D data table to construct the expression of geological faults. Finally, we calculated the expression fomular to generate the abstract faults model and achieved the three-dimensional geological modeling with the relevant exploration data based on the abstract faults model. Experiment is carried out based on Da Lian River geological data which comprising a plurality of geological faults. Geological modeling results show that the expression method solves the limitations of fault expression, and avoids the interpolation dilemma accured in the geological layer fracture zone.