持绿型小麦冠温特性及其对低氮和高温的适应性

Canopy temperature characteristics and adaptability of stay-green wheat to low nitrogen and high temperature

【目的】研究持绿型小麦的冠温特性及其对高温和低氮的适应性,为小麦低温种质资源鉴选提供依据。【方法】以正常栽培条件为对照,对低氮和高温处理下冬小麦旗叶净光合速率、叶绿素荧光参数、茎鞘干物质量、产量、绿叶面积和冠层温度等进行测定。【结果】在不同生长条件下,持绿型小麦豫麦66和潍麦8均表现出较低的冠层温度和较高的绿叶面积。持绿型小麦旗叶的净光合速率及光化学淬灭系数都高于非持绿型小麦,非光化学猝灭系数低于非持绿型小麦,叶片吸收的光能较多地用于光化学反应,而以热能的形式辐射出来的较少。低氮和高温逆境下持绿型小麦茎鞘干物质转运率增加,收获指数提高,经济产量高。【结论】持绿型小麦冠层温度低,叶片衰老延迟,干物质累积多,具有良好的增产潜力,在低氮和高温逆境下更有优势,可用于筛选低温种质资源和创建具有更好生物学性状、高产的优良品种。

【Objective】Field experiment was carried out to study the temperature characteristics and adaptability of stay-green wheat to nitrogen（N）deficit and high temperature.【Method】Canopy temperature of stay-green wheat varieties Yumai 66 and Weimai 8as well as two control varieties was observed under normal cultivation condition,low N fertilization and high-temperature treatments from 2009 to 2011.【Result】The stay-green wheat varieties Yumai 66 and Weimai 8displayed lower canopy temperature and higher green leaf area compared to control at grain-filling stage under three cultivation conditions.The photosynthetic rate and fluorescence parameter qP of stay-green wheats were significantly higher than control,while qN of stay-green wheats was lower.More absorbed light energy was used for photochemical reactions and less was released as heat.The remobilization of dry-matter,harvest index and economic yield in staygreen wheats increased under low N and high temperature condition.【Conclusion】Stay-green wheats had lower canopy temperature,longer photosynthetic period and more biomass than the control,which was more significant under low N and high temperature.This is a new way to select stay-green wheat and provide resource for screening low temperature wheat germplasm.