早产儿贫血影响因素分析

Analysis of the influence factor of anemia in premature infants

目的：探讨早产儿贫血的影响因素。方法：选择140例出现贫血的早产儿,根据胎龄、出生体质量、出生时血红蛋白（Hb）、有无机械通气等因素分组,比较各组患儿贫血出现时间及Hb最低值。结果：随着胎龄增大、出生体质量增加,患儿贫血出现时间延迟,贫血程度减轻（P〈0.05~P〈0.01）;与出生时Hb〉145 g/L组相比,出生时Hb≤145g/L组患儿贫血出现时间明显提前,Hb最低值显著降低（P〈0.01）;与非机械通气组相比,机械通气组患儿贫血出现时间较早,Hb最低值较低（P〈0.01）;多元线性回归分析显示,胎龄、出生体质量和出生时Hb值均是早产儿贫血出现时间的影响因素（P〈0.05~P〈0.01）,而胎龄和出生时Hb值均是Hb最低值的影响因素（P〈0.01）。结论：胎龄越小、出生体质量越低、出生时Hb值越低,早产儿贫血出现时间越早,贫血程度越重。应早期诊断、早期治疗早产儿贫血,提高早产儿的生存质量。

Objective： To analyze the influence factor of anemia in premature infants. Methods： One hundred and forty anemia premature infants were divided into different groups according to the gestational age, birth weight and hemoglobin（ Hb）, and mechanical ventilation. The onset time of anemia and lowest Hb value between all groups were compared. Results： With the increasing of gestational age and birth weight, the onset time of anemia significantly delayed, and the anemia degree obviously alleviated （P 〈 0.05 to P 〈 0.01 ）. Compared with the anemia premature infant with birth Hb value more than 145 g/L,the onset time of anemia was significantly ahead, and the lowest Hb value obviously decreased in the anemia premature infants with birth Hb value less than or equal to 145 g/L（ P 〈 0.01 ）. Compared with the anemia premature infant without mechanical ventilation group, the onset time of anemia was earlier, and the Hb value was lower in the anemia premature infants with mechanical ventilation group（ P 〈 0.01 ）. The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the gestational age, birth weight and Hb value were the influence factors of the onset time of infant anemia （ P 〈 0.05 to P 〈0.01 ）,and the gestational age and Hb value at birth were the influence factors of the lowest Hb value of infant anemia （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions：The smaller gestational age, birth weight and Hb value are, the earlier the onset time is, and the more severe the anemia degree is. The early diagnosis and treatment of premature infant anemia can improve the life quality of premature infants.