镍钛记忆合金气管支架置入治疗良恶性气道狭窄并发症分析

Complication analysis of the nickel-itanium memory alloy tracheal stent implantation in the treatment of benign and malignant airway stenosis

目的:分析镍钛记忆合金气管支架置入治疗良恶性气道狭窄的常见并发症发生情况。方法:对84例良恶性气道狭窄患者实施镍钛记忆合金气管支架置入治疗,所有患者均住院并接受气道内金属支架置入治疗,分析支架置入术后的近期、远期并发症情况。结果:术后近期随访统计,恶性气道狭窄组的咯血发生率高于良性气道狭窄组(P<0.05);恶性气道狭窄组患者和良性气道狭窄组患者肺部感染发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);恶性气道狭窄组的肉芽组织形成率低于良性气道狭窄组(P<0.01)。术后远期随访,恶性气道狭窄组的肺部感染发生率高于良性气道狭窄组(P<0.05);恶性气道狭窄组的肉芽组织形成率明显高于良性气道狭窄组(P<0.05)。结论:镍钛记忆合金气管支架置入治疗良恶性气道狭窄的效果确切,但术后均发生不同程度的并发症。良性气道狭窄患者术后近期容易发生气道再狭窄,恶性气道狭窄患者术后远期肺部容易出现反复感染。支架置入前要制定合理的手术方案,尽可能将并发症发生率降到最低。

Objective：To analyze the common complications of the nickel-itanium memory alloy tracheal stent implantation in the treatment of benign and malignant airway stenosis. Methods： Eighty-four patients with benign and malignant airway stenosis were implanted with the nickel-titanium memory alloy tracheal stent. The short-term and long-term complications after stenting were analyzed. Results：The postoperative short-term following-up results showed that the incidence of hemoptysis in malignant airway stenosis group was obviously higher than that in benign airway stenosis group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. There was no difference in the incidence of pulmonary infection between two groups（ P 〉 0.05 ）. The formation rate of granulation tissue in malignant airway stenosis group was obviously lower than that in benign airway stenosis group （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The postoperative long-term following-up results showed that the incidence of pulmonary infection in malignant airway stenosis group was higher than that in benign airway stenosis group（ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The formation rate of granulation tissue in malignant airway stenosis group was significantly higher than that in benign airway stenosis group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions ： The treatment effect of the benign and malignant airway stenosis with the nickel-titanium memory alloy tracheal stenting is good, but which can lead to the varying degrees of postoperative complications. The benign airway stenosis patient is susceptible to appear the airway restenosis within a short term, and the malignant airway stenosis patient is prone to appear the repeated pulmonary infection after a long term. A reasonable preoperative plan is needed to be formulated to minimize the incidence of complications.