天津市社区65岁以上老年人口腔健康状况的调查

Oral Health Survey on Elder People Over 65 Years Old in Tianjin Community

目的了解天津65岁以上老人口腔卫生健康状况,为社区老人口腔保健提供科学依据和建议。方法采用多级抽样,从天津市和平区、河北区、南开区各随机抽取一个社区,从3个社区中机械抽样选取65岁以上老年人共476人,对老人进行口腔检查和问卷调查。结果在476位被调查者中,78.36%的老年人患有牙周病,47.69%的老年人患有龋齿,平均龋齿数为(2.15±1.42)颗。补牙率为53.36%,余留牙数20颗以上的占12.61%,口腔保健知识知晓率普遍偏低,知晓率最高的是正确刷牙方式,占68.70%,只有15.13%的社区老人知道叩齿的方法与好处。口腔保健行为中,早晚刷牙行为普及率最高,高达92.23%,医院医生依然是社区老年人获取口腔知识的主要途径,占77.31%,其次是报纸和电视等新闻媒体占52.94%,再次是网络和各类广告占31.30%。结论加强社区口腔卫生保健知识宣传教育,督促老年人养成良好口腔行为习惯,对促进老年人口腔健康非常重要。

Objective To know oral health circumstanceof the people over age 65 in Tianjin community, provide scientific basis for the oral health prevention. Methods Mlti-stage sampling was used from all the random sample of Heping district, Hebei district, Nankai district of Tianjin, Mechanical-sampling was used to select people over 65 years old,476 samples were selected to do examination and the questionnaire survey. Results Among the 476 respondents, 78.36% of the elderly patients with periodontal disease, 47.69% of the elderly suffering from dental caries, the average number of cavities was（2.15±1.42）. Filling rate was 53.36%, the number of remaining teeth more than 20 was 12.61%. The oral health knowledge awareness rate was generally low, the awareness rate of the highest is the correct way to brush teeth, accounted for 68.70%, only 15.13% of the community elderly knock tooth. Behavior rate of brushing teeth in the morning and evening was the highest in the oral health behavior, as high as 92.23%. Hospital doctors still is the main way to elderly access to community knowledge, accounted for 77.31%, followed by the news media such as newspapers and television（52.94%）, again is the network and all kinds of advertising accounted for 31.30%. Conclusion To strengthen the health education of community oral health care knowledge, supervise and urge the elderly to forma good oral habits, is very important for promoting oral health in the elderly.