从观念形态到幻象形态:西美尔货币哲学的心理学逻辑

From image to illusion: The inherent psychological dimension of Simmel's money philosophy

从历史的具体中抽取无时间性的社会静态的分析方法是西美尔货币哲学最核心的方法论特征,在西美尔视域中的货币绝对不是一种历史性的存在,而是一种世界之相对性存在的象征物。在目的论序列中,货币的手段特权作用于人们的心理,使货币从一种相对性的手段变成一种心理上绝对的目的,导致货币幻象的产生,使内在世界的固有价值被剥离并消融于货币的量中。尽管西美尔对货币进行大量的哲学修饰,但是却始终无法认清货币的真正角色是阶级压迫的迷惑性工具,因而无法成为解剖资本主义剥削实质的历史唯物主义方法。

Simmel＇ s analytical method is a kind of social static and non-time method stripping from historical concrete, which is the essential feature of his methodology in money philosophy. So, in Simmel＇ vision, money isn＇ t absolute a historical existence but the symbol of relative existence of the world. In the sequence of purpose,the privilege of money＇ means influences people＇ s psychology, makes the transition realized from a relative means to a psychology absolute aim and results in the appearance of money illusion, which strips the inherent value of the world. Although Simmel expounded money in philosophical way, couldn＇ t recognize that money was an illusive tool that used in class oppression. So Simmel＇ s analysis on money can not be an ideal way to disclose the exploitation within Capitalism.