黄河水沙变化与治理方略研究

Changes in runoff and sediment loads of the Yellow River and its management strategies

"水少沙多,水沙关系不协调"是黄河复杂难治的症结所在。本文在黄河治理历史回顾的基础上,分析了近几十年来黄河水沙变化及河道冲淤演变特征,针对黄河水沙大幅减少、河道淤积萎缩、"二级悬河"加剧、滩区发展与治河矛盾日益突出等问题,明确了新水沙条件下黄河治理的总体思路,提出了黄河治理方略"调控水沙关系、改造下游河道",以及相应采取的治理措施"建设黄河水沙调控体系、塑造与维持黄河基本的输水输沙通道、中游降低潼关高程、下游改造河道、河口相对稳定流路"。论文试图为黄河综合治理、长治久安提供科技支撑。

The key problem in the management of the Yellow River stems from its distinct characteristic, namely the insufficient runoff and excessive sediment loads lacking sufficient coordination, which causes complexity and difficulty in management. This paper examines the changes in runoff and sediment loads of this river and its characteristics of fluvial process in recent decades, based on a review of its management history. Then, we describe a strategic thinking of river management that would be effective in the existing water and sediment condition of the river to cope with its various new features, such as sharp decline in runoff and sediment loads, river channel shrinkage, intensified ‘secondary suspended river＇, and increasingly prominent contradiction between floodplain reclamation and river harnessing. Our strategy in managing the Yellow River is to regulate its relation between water and sediment and improve the lower channel, under which several engineering measures should be adopted： construct a river regulation system for water and sediment control, reconstruct and maintain the primary channel with sufficient water and sediment transport capacity, lower the Tongguan elevation in the middle reach, improve the river channel in the lower reach, and stabilize the flow paths in the river mouth. The strategy and measures would provide a useful support for comprehensive management of the Yellow River.