计及弃水风险和机组启停的水电站负荷分配研究

Load allocation of hydropower stations considering risks of abandoning water and unit commitment

厂内经济运行是提高水电站经济效益的重要途径之一,目前国内外的研究偏向于寻求理论上的最优解,缺乏对弃水风险的考虑,与水电站厂内经济运行实践存在一定的差异。针对上述问题,本文提出以分区间控制水位变幅为约束的厂内经济运行模型,该模型在考虑梯级水电站之间的上下游协调基础上,实现计及弃水风险和机组启停条件下负荷最优分配。该模型应用于乌溪江电厂,求得的最优机组组合能够有效控制风险并降低耗水率,满足厂内经济运行的需求,对水电站厂内负荷优化分配具有一定的指导意义。

Economic operation is an essential approach to improve economic benefits of a hydropower station. However, previous studies in China and abroad tended to focus on theoretical optimal solutions that had insufficient consideration of the risks of abandoning water and hence suffered certain deviation from reality. Aiming at this issue, this paper presents an economic operation model that takes constraints of controlling the water level amplitudes in different water level inter-regions and achieves an optimal load allocation by considering risks and unit commitment and coordinating the operations of the upper and lower hydropower stations. Application to the Wuxi cascade hydropower stations shows that this new model can achieve an optimal combination of generator units that effectively reduces the volume of surplus water and controls the risks, and thus it would provide a rather satisfactory guide for optimal unit commitment of the cascade stations.