我国职业病救济制度的完善

Improvement of Occupational Disease Relief System in China

在中国社会经济高速发展、科技不断进步革新的过程中有一大批劳动者饱受着职业病的困扰。他们维权难、鉴定难、获赔难,已经成为中国的社会问题。我国现存的法律制度对职业病民事赔偿存在模棱两可的态度,不便于司法操作。职业病民事赔偿制度有其必要性。应完善相关立法,明确职业病工伤保险与民事赔偿之间的关系。同时,职业病民事赔偿制度可采用过错推定原则,打破职业病诊断机构的垄断性,完善我国的职业病救济制度。

Large numbers of workers are beset by occupational diseases in the course of China＇s advances in science and technology,society and economy. Their difficulties in safeguarding their right, identifying such diseases and claiming compensations cause social problems for China. The ambiguous attitude toward the civil compensation for occupational diseases in the existing Chinese legal system plays a negative role in application. This paper justifies the necessity of civil compensation system for occupational diseases based on the analysis of the characteristics of such diseases. Some measures are proposed to improve China＇s relief system for dealing with occupational diseases： improving relevant legislation, clarifying the relation between occupational injury insurance and civil compensation, compensating for civil occupational diseases by adopting the principle of presumption of fault, and breaking the monopoly of the occupational disease diagnosis mechanism.