行动者的鲁迅与自由之“人生、政治与文学”

Lu Xun as a Doer and His Freedom in “Life,Politics and Literature”

革命与文学是鲁迅的两个基本视点。鲁迅曾说过,革命是革新的意思。当然,革命于鲁迅的意思比较复杂,也不排斥政治革命。革命文学与鲁迅的关系不是那种依附的关系,或者说鲁迅不是在革命文学的理论圈子里来看革命文学,而是在局外来看革命文学。这就把革命文学特别是一些苏联作家的作品当作文学中的一翼,而不是全部或者惟一的真理。鲁迅从不属于某一个政党,不信主义,更不做主义的奴才,即使是在加入左联时期,他也是根据自己的思想、观点发表意见,而不是盲目地苟同某一种政治学说。拒绝意识形态的束缚是鲁迅保持真切现实感和复杂性的一种思维方式,其掌握和反思世界的方式是感性的复杂的,而不是靠理论来解决的。

Revolution and literature are two basic viewpoints of Lu Xun,for revolution meant reform,as once uttered by Lu Xun. And as for Lu Xun,revolution is definitely something complex,even including political revolution. As such,the relationship between revolutionary literature and Lu Xun is not one of dependence,or Lu Xun approached revolutionary literature from the standpoint of an outsider rather than from that of a member in the revolutionary literature theory circle. By so doing,Lu Xun managed to regard revolutionary literature,esp. works of some Soviet Union writers,as a component of literature rather than its entirety or the sole truth. As he was not with any political party and had no faith in any doctrine,much less being enslaved by any of them,Lu Xun could also voice his opinions in accordance with his thought and view instead of readily subscribing to some certain political theory even during his participation in the Left League Writers Federation. The rejection of ideology bondage is a mode of thinking for Lu Xun to maintain his sense of true reality and its complexity,for his mode of comprehending and reflecting on the world is perceptual and complicated,which can＇t be solved through theory.