二维共价有机框架的设计、合成与应用

Design,synthesis and applications of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks

二维材料以其优异的物理化学性能受到人们的广泛关注.二维共价有机框架(2D COFs)是近年来发展的一类通过共价键连接的多孔有机晶体材料.2D COFs材料的多孔性、结晶性及二维方向的π电子共轭体系、层间有序的π-π柱状堆积,赋予了该材料优良的物理化学性质.通过拓扑结构设计和单体选择制备的2D COFs材料具有密度低、结构有序、比表面积大、孔径尺寸和结构可调等特点,并可以通过后合成修饰、孔穴客体填充或负载、材料复合等方式实现对2D COFs材料的功能化.另外,基于表面合成等方法,还可以在一定的基底表面制备出取向、有序的2D COFs单分子层或薄膜.本文综述了2D COFs材料的分子结构设计及功能化,及其在物质吸附储存和输运、催化、能量存储与转化、光电子学等领域的应用.

Two-dimensional materials have drawn a wide variety of interest because of the excellent properties.Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks（2D COFs） are a class of porous,crystalline organic materials,which are constructed from well-designed organic monomers via covalent bond linkages.The excellent porosity and crystallinity coupled with the brilliant 2D π-conjugated system and π-π stacking columns endow 2D COFs promising properties.With the predesignable topological structures and functionalized monomer units,2D COFs can be constructed with the characteristics of lower mass density,highly ordered structures,larger surface area and tunable pore size and shapes.Various 2D COFs with versatile properties and specific functions can be also obtained by post-synthesizing,loading of guest molecules and ions,compositing with other carbon-based materials,etc.Additionally,oriented 2D COF monolayers and thin films are also prepared on the substrate surface.Based on the distinct ordered molecular structures and excellent properties,this review further discusses the extensively promising applications of 2D COFs in the fields of gas absorption and storage,catalysis,molecules delivery,energy capacitance and transform,electronics and optoelectronics.