单颗粒电化学分析

Electrochemical analysis of single particles

颗粒因其在基础研究和实际应用中均具有重要的价值,因而得到了广泛的关注.由于颗粒的功能和性质与其形貌、尺寸、电荷密度和表面化学性质等密切相关,因此,发展可用于单个颗粒(简称单颗粒)检测和分析的方法对于了解颗粒结构与性能的关系,进而研究其功能将具有重要的意义.单颗粒电化学(electrochemic alanalysis of single nanoparticle)检测技术是在最近几年发展起来的,由于其可以精确地探测单个纳米颗粒的性质(如表面电荷、几何尺寸、表面化学),因而展现出了诱人的应用前景.本文将对最近发展起来的单颗粒电化学检测方法进行详细介绍,并根据检测原理将单颗粒电化学检测分为3类:基于碰撞原理的微电极技术、基于电阻-脉冲原理的纳米通道技术以及基于电化学和其他方法的联用技术.基于此分类,重点综述单颗粒电化学检测的原理、方法和潜在的应用.

Nanoparticles（NPs） have attracted much more attention over the past two decades because of their various applications in both fundamental aspects and industrial applications.In this context,development of new techniques to detect and study single NP behavior is of significant importance because the function of NP is closely related to its size,morphology,surface charge density and chemical properties.Electrochemical techniques have made a great contribution to investigating on the single nanoparticle properties（e.g.,surface charge,geometry,and surface chemistry）over the past ten years.This review focuses on the recent progress on single particles analysis with electrochemical techniques that are classified into three categories based on the detection principles,i.e.,nanoparticle-microelectrode collision,resistive-pulse analysis and other electrochemical-based methods.