胶原-生长因子生物材料及其在骨和神经再生中的应用

Application of collagen and growth factors for bone and nerve healing processes

胶原具有弱抗原性,良好的生物兼密性、生物降解能力以及生物力学性能,被广泛用于皮肤、肌腱、血管、骨和神经等部位的组织工程,而生长因子是生物体内一类微量高效调节细胞代谢和组织修复的小分产物质。胶原-生长因子生物材料(CGFB)在骨组织再生、神经组织修复、肌腱重建和慢性伤口修复中表现出优良的生物和生物力学性能。在骨组织修复中,CGFB合理地释放生长因子,有效地诱导了干细胞成骨向分化和促进受损骨组织修复。在神经组织修复中,根据修复对象采用的特异性的CGFB胶原设计,有效地促进了神经突的生成。在中枢神经系统修复中,胶原凝胶的注入为细胞生长提供了良好的微环境,有利于中枢神经系统的修复。本文回溯CGFB的基本性质及其近年来在骨和神经修复领域中的研究进展,以预测其未来可继续改进的方向。

Collagen possesses weak antigenic activity, high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biomechanical properties. It has been widely used in tissue engineering of various organs, such as skin, tendons, blood vessels, nerves, and bones. Growth factors are a class of molecules that effectively regulate cell metabolism and tissue repair. Collagen- growth factor biomaterials（CGFB） exhibit desirable biological and biomecbanical properties in osteogenesis, nerve repair, tendon reconstruction, and repair of chronic wounds. In the process of osteogenesis, CGFB ideally release growth factors, effectively inducing osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, thus promoting repair in bone defects. In the process of nerve repair, a specific design of CGFB for a purpose can effectively promote neuritis generation. In the process of central nervous system repair, the injection of collagen gel can provide a desirable microenvironment for cells, which is beneficial for central nervous system repair. This article reviews the basic properties and recent studies in bone and nerve repair of CGFB to provide future direction of improvement.