可将机械能转变成电能的介电弹性体研究进展

Development of dielectric elastomer materials capable of converting mechanical energy to electrical energy

弹性体材料具有轻质,易加工,价格低廉的优点,广泛用于生产生活各个领域.本文简要介绍了介电弹性体材料发电的基本原理,相比传统利用电磁感应原理的发电机的优势.重点介绍了几种目前研究比较广泛的介电弹性体材料:丙烯酸酯类、硅橡胶、聚氨酯和天然橡胶等,并分析了介电弹性体材料的介电常数、击穿电压和断裂伸长率等因素对发电量和发电效率的影响,及它们作为介电弹性体发电材料的优势和不足.此外,提出了作为介电弹性体发电机所需材料在未来应该重点开展的工作方向.

Due to lightweight,good processability and low cost,elastomer materials have been widely utilized in our life. In this paper,we explained the operating principle of energy harvesting of dielectric elastomer generator（ DEG）,and highlighted their advantages over traditional power generators based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Acrylates,silicone rubber,polyurethane and nature rubber,which were widely investigated as materials for dielectric elastomer generator,were mainly introduced. The effects of their dielectric constant,dielectric breakdown strength,elongation at break of dielectric elastomer on generating capacity and conversion efficiency were discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of the dielectric elastomer materials were also analyzed systemically. Moreover,the promising research direction of materials for dielectric elastomer generators was suggested.