“旅行”中的苏俄形象与中国道路的不同想象——以瞿秋白和徐志摩的苏俄游记为中心

The Images of Soviet Russia and China's Roads: A Study of Qu Qiubai and Xu Zhimo's Travel Writings in Russia

作为"后发"的现代国家,20世纪中国政治、思想和文学的发生、发展都与"异国"有着直接的关系,特别是苏俄,受其影响深远。1920年代初,瞿秋白的《饿乡纪程》、《赤都心史》和徐志摩的《欧游漫录》是当时介绍苏俄最为重要的文献,曾在社会上引发巨大反响。对比瞿秋白和徐志摩笔下的苏俄形象,两者有着巨大的差异。本文借助形象学理论和方法,在比较形象差异的基础上探究自我主体的差异如何影响"苏俄形象"的塑造以及对本土民族国家道路之间的想象机制。苏俄形象在新的时间和空间中发生改变的原因,是主体不同的知识分子在进行异邦的深刻体验和"观看及想象"之下所展开的对现代中国道路的不同想象。

In the twentieth century, China, a backward modem Country, had a direct and profound relationship with foreign countries, especially the Soviet-Russia, in the occurrence and development of its politics, ideology and literature. In the early 1920s, the books of Qu Qiubai＇s Travels across Starving Country and Records of My Impression in the Red Capital and Xu Zhimo＇s My European Tour became the most important documents of introducing the Soviet-Russia and had great influence on China. The Soviet-Russias described in their＇s travels, however, are quite different. Based on comparison and image theory, the paper explores how the different subjectivity influence the shaping of the Soviet-Russia images and the imagination mechanism of different national roads. It holds that the reason why the Soviet Union/Russia images changed in new time and space is that different subjects of intellectuals, relying on their individual experiences ＂seeing and imagining＂ foreign countries, have a different imagination of the modem China＇s road.