伊维菌素对雄性吉富罗非鱼生理生化指标的影响

Effects of Ivermectin on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristic Indexes of Male GIFT Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)

为探讨抗寄生虫药物伊维菌素(IVM)对鱼类的毒性效应,以雄性吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为实验对象,设定了A(空白对照)、B(乙醇对照)、C(0.1 mg·kg^(-1))、D(0.5 mg·kg^(-1))、E(1 mg·kg^(-1))5个实验组,研究IVM对吉富罗非鱼肝脏和血液生理生化的影响。研究发现:正常生理状态下吉富罗非鱼肝脏中的丙二醛(MDA)含量较低,IVM作用后除最高剂量E组中MDA含量在4 h、16 h和24 h时极显著高于对照组外,其余各组均未受到显著影响。较低注射剂量C组中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均得到了诱导,且均显著高于对照组,较高注射剂量组中除E组在第4 h、16 h和24 h SOD活性显著高于对照组外,其余均未发现有显著变化。肝脏中谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)在IVM作用下均发生了一定的变化,尤其是E组均显著低于对照组。与肝脏中的相反,血液中的AST则随剂量的升高而呈现增加的趋势,在某些时间点与对照组相比显著升高,而血液中ALT除C、D组个别时间点外其余的均未有显著变化。B、C、D、E 4组肝脏中的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)相对A组均发生了显著下降,但C、D、E组与B组除个别时间点外均未有显著差异,因此肝脏中的ALP变化可能是无水乙醇作用的结果,而非IVM。血液中ALP则均未有显著变化。研究表明高剂量的IVM对吉富罗非鱼的肝脏造成了一定影响,因此在实际使用过程中应选择合适的给药方式以及合理的给药剂量。

To study the toxic effects of antiparasitc agent ivermectin on fish, the physiological and biochemical characteristic indexes of liver and plasma in male GIFT tilapia （Oreochromis niloticus） were studied after a single intramuscular administration according to following group-dose： group C-0.1 mg·kg^-1, group D-0.5 mg·kg^-1, group E-1.0 mg·kg^-1, groups A as blank control and group B administrated with absolute ethanol. The results showed that in group E with a dose of 1.0 mg·kg^-1 , the malonaldehyde （MDA） content and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity significantly increased after IVM treatment for 4 h, 16 h and 24 h . The SOD activity also increased in group C with the low dose of 0.1 mg·kg^-1. Alanine transaminase （AST） and aspartate aminotransferase （ALT） activity of liver were significantly lower in group E than in control group. AST activity in plasma increased with increasing IVM concentration while the ALT activity in plasma was not affected. Since alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity in liver significantly decreased in all the administrated group B, C, D and E, the changes of ALP in liver might be affected by absolute ethanol. The research indicated that high dose of ivermectin is harmful to the liver of tilapia.