基于水肥一体化的酿酒葡萄高效栽培与效益分析

High-efficiency Cultivation and Benefit Analysis of Wine Grape Based on Fertigation

水肥一体化技术在干旱、半干旱区应用广泛,为了探究水肥一体化技术在酿酒葡萄上的应用效果及经济效益,以"赤霞珠"为研究对象连续3 a对宁夏贺兰山东麓传统水肥管理(CK)、滴灌+常规施肥管理(DF)和水肥一体化栽培方式(FI)下酿酒葡萄产量、品质、成本及经济效益进行了分析。结果表明,水肥一体化前期投入较传统水肥管理偏高,酿酒葡萄水肥一体化增产效果较差,但品质及价格提升明显,葡萄原料收购价显著高于传统种植模式,灌溉水量和农药用量显著降低。与传统水肥管理相比,水肥一体化节约水费1 853元/hm^2,节约人工成本9 585元/hm^2,年均收益达到43 128元/hm^2,产投比高达2.98,而传统水肥管理下年均亏损7 192元/hm^2,产投比仅为0.77。传统水肥管理不仅成本高,而且产出低,水肥一体化则成本低,产出高,是解决干旱区酿酒葡萄品质低下、劳动投入量大、经济效益低的有效措施。在宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄园开展水肥一体化技术能显著改善品质,节本增效,适宜在干旱、半干旱区域广泛使用。

Fertigation technology is a combination of irrigation and fertilization which could effectively improve water and fertilizer utilization ratio. It is widely used in the arid and semi-arid areas. In order to explore the application effect and economic benefit of fertigation technology on wine grape, three consecutive years study of ＂Cabernet Sauvignon＂were carried out in Helan Mountain foothill of Ningxia.By setting traditional water and fertilizer management as control（ CK）,drip irrigation ＋ conventional fertilization management（ DF） and fertigation technology（ FI） treatments,wine grape yield,quality,cost and economic benefit were analyzed. Results showed that fertigation upfront investment was higher than that of traditional water and fertilizer management,and production increase effect was poor,but the quality and price were significantly improved and then the product price was significantly higher than that of traditional planting mode,the irrigation and pesticide use were decreased significantly. Compared with traditional water and fertilizer management, fertigation technology could save water expends by1 853 yuan/hm^2 and save labor costs 9 585 yuan/hm^2,the average annual income reached 43 128 yuan/hm^2,the ratio of output to input was as high as 2. 98. However,the traditional water and fertilizer management annual income was-7 192 yuan/hm^2,the ratio of output to input was only 0. 77. Traditional water and fertilizer management had high cost and low output. Fertigation technology was low cost and high output,which could solve the low grape quality,high labor and low economic benefits problems. By settingfertigation technology on grape wine in Helan Mountain vineyard,it could significantly improve wine grape quality,save cost and increase benefit. It was suitable for widely using in arid and semi arid regions.