从生存维持到生活质量:社会救助功能创新的实践审思

From Survival to Quality of Life: Practical Reflection on Function Innovation of Social Assistance

提升贫困者的生活质量是社会救助功能发展的新趋势。生活质量概念有其丰富的内涵,它包括物质生活质量、主观生活质量和脱贫能力发展生活质量三个方面。我国新实施的《社会救助暂行办法》不仅规定了对贫困者的基本生活给予保障,而且将其社会融入、心理慰藉及脱贫能力提升等内容也纳入其中,包含了提升被救助对象生活质量的政策功能。但实证调查结果显示,新的制度功能目标尚未得到有效落实。政府部门应尽快健全和完善相关制度设计,提升救助能力,加强对社会救助资源的动员和整合,以应对社会救助功能创新的实践困境。

It is a new trend to improve the poor people＇s quality of life for the development of social policies functions. The concept of quality of life has diverse understanding,that can be defined as three aspects in this paper,including material quality,subjective quality and anti-poverty quality of life. In our country,Interim Measure for Social Assistance（ 2014）,which is put into effect recently,has not only regulated the survival guarantee rights of the poor,but also stressed some contents and objectives related to the poor,such as the social integration,mental comfort and capacity building of poverty alleviation. In addition,it contains a new political function to improve the quality of life for the poor. However,the current empirical research shows that the new policy goals have failed to realize it.In this paper,some approaches are suggested to face the practical dilemma of the innovation of social assistance functions,like the perfection of institutions,the promotion of assistance capability,and enhancement of mobilization and integration of the resources of social assistance.