论宋代官德教育

Arguments on the Education of Officials' Morality in Song Dynasty

伴随着宋代以科举官僚为主体的文官政治的高度发达,以及更加注重道德修养和自我约束的理学思想逐步成为社会意识形态的主流,以儒家思想为指导的官德教育在宋代得到统治阶层的高度重视。士大夫阶层之家训著作大量涌现,以家教的方式宣扬忠君爱国、清正廉洁、慎重交友等为官准则;大批名宦重臣总结为官之道的官箴得到了广泛的流传,以告诫官员关注民生、务实戒虚、勤政清廉为其主要内容;以砥砺官员名节、激浊扬清为目的的社会舆论——"清议"十分盛行,对宋代官德教育亦起到了积极的作用。宋代官德教育内容丰富、形式多样,思想深刻,在教育广度和深度上都达到较高的水平。

In Song Dynasty,the civil official system in which the main officials were promoted from the imperial examinations was highly developed,and the neo-confucianism which paid more attention to moral cultivation and self-restraint gradually became the mainstream of the society at that time,so the rulers of the dynasty attached high importance to the education of officials＇ morality which was directed by the confucianism. In that period of time,a large number of family instructions from officials＇ family were created to show their posterity the rules of officials which were represented by loyalty,honesty and patriotism; a lot of outstanding officials＇ maxims of how to be a good official were widely spread to make officials to be diligent and honest and to care about common people＇s life;the public opinion of driving out evil and ushering in good was very popular,all of these phenomena played very positive roles in the education of officials＇ morality in Song Dynasty. The education of officials＇ morality in Song Dynasty reached very high level in both breadth and depth,as it developed many profound thoughts and was rich in both content and form.