土地因素对农户劳动力转移的影响路径研究

Effect path of land factors on rural-urban migration for rural Labor

探讨土地因素对农村劳动力转移的影响路径,为促进农村劳动力自由转移及农地适度规模经营过程中的农村土地改革提供现实参考。在Logistic实证分析的基础上,运用结构方程模型揭示土地因素对农户劳动力转移的影响路径。结果表明:农户农地流转与劳动力转移之间存在相互作用关系;劳动力数、劳均年龄、收入相对贫困和劳均农地面积平方对劳动力转移具有直接影响,同时前三者还通过农地转出行为对其产生间接影响;需照料人口比例、劳均农地面积、块均农地面积、农田基础设施条件及所在村对外交通状况仅通过影响农户农地转出行为而间接影响劳动力转移决策。基于实证研究结果,提出应从农地流转、劳动力转移两方面进行相应的政策设计和制度改革,进而推动两者的同步协调和良性互动。

The purpose of this research was to provide references for rural land system reform in the process of promoting free migration of rural labors and proper scale management of farmland based on analyzing the effect path of land factors on rural - urban migration. On the basis of the preliminary interpretation by the Logistic model, the structural equation model was used to reveal the effect path of land factors on rural - urban migration. The results indicated that there was a mutual promotional relationship between farmland transfer- out behavior and rural - urban migration of rural household labor; the population of labors, average age of labors, relative deprivation of income and the square of farmland area per labor had direct effects on rural - urban migration, and meanwhile, the first three ones affected the rural -urban migration indirectly through the direct impacts on the farmland transfer - out behavior of rural household ; the ratio of population needed to be taken care of to the population of households, farmland area per labor, farmland area per piece, farmland infrastructure conditions, and outside transportation status of the village only indirectly affected the rural - urban migration by through the direct impact on the farmland transfer - out behavior of rural household. It was concluded that the corresponding policy design and system reform need to be conducted under the consideration both of farmland transfer and rural - urban migration to promote the synchronous coordination and positive interaction between farmland transfer and rural - urban migration.