中国针茅属植物系统发育与空间分异研究进展

The study progress on the phylogeny and spatial distribution of Stipa genus in China

针茅属(Stipa Linn.),隶属于禾本科(Poaceae)针茅族(Stipeae Dumort.)。针茅属植物是欧亚草原的主要建群种和优势种,其种类丰富、演化程度高、形态高度分化。该属的各个种受温度、水分、土壤等条件影响,沿水平与垂直地理梯度及土壤机制的生境梯度产生了一系列的替代分布,组成了在世界上独具特色的、广袤的针茅草原。我国针茅属植物种类也非常丰富,以此构成了地理分异和生态分异明显的北方最主要的草原类型。由于针茅属植物形态差异较小,建立在传统的形态、解剖特征基础上的我国针茅属植物在种类鉴定、系统演化与区域分化等研究领域还存在诸多争议,其物种的地理替代与生态替代等空间分异形成机制也尚不清楚。本文系统论述了中国针茅属植物分类、系统发育、生态、地理分布等研究历史、研究进展及存在的问题,并提出了针茅属植物系统发育、地理分异与生态分异的进一步研究方向。

The genus Stipa Linn. is placed in the family Poaceae and belongs to tribe Stipeae. The members of Stipa are matrix or dominant species in Eurasian steppe. Species within Stipa experiences substitutive distribution both along the horizontal and vertical gradient influenced by the temperature, precipitation and soil conditions, compose the unique Eurasian Steppe. Stipa species are very abundant in China, constitute the main north grassland with obvious geographical substitution and ecological differentiation. It includes some of the most complicated and taxonomic problems within the genus due to the species often exhibite great plasticity in morphological characters, so the circumscription and phylogeny of species within this genus have been controversial during the past decades in China. In this paper, we summarized the studies history on the infrageneric classification, phylogeny, ecology, distribution of the genus, and then we proposed the further research directions about Stipa genus.