生态文明视角的陕西省资源环境压力评价

Study of resource-environmental pressure considering footprint family at the ecological civilization perspective in Shaanxi Province,China

为评价区域资源环境压力,促进生态文明建设,构建了基于足迹家族的资源环境压力评价体系,并用于陕西省的资源环境压力评估。结果表明,1990-2013年陕西省生态压力由中下(Ⅱ_a)降为较低等级(Ⅰ_b),GHG排放由较低(Ⅰ_b)升为中上等级(Ⅱ_b),水资源压力由中上(Ⅱ_b)降为中下等级(Ⅱ_a),资源环境压力由1990的中下(Ⅱ_a)波动降至2003年的很低(Ⅰ_a),再波动升至2013年的中下等级(Ⅱ_a)。空间上,西安和渭南的生态压力很高(Ⅲ_b),咸阳和延安较高(Ⅲ_a),铜川中上(Ⅱ_b),榆林、宝鸡和安康中下(Ⅱ_a),汉中和商洛较低(Ⅰ_b);陕北(榆林和延安)和铜川的GHG排放很高(Ⅲ_b),西安较高(Ⅲ_a),咸阳中上(Ⅱ_b),渭南中下(Ⅱ_a),宝鸡和汉中较低(Ⅰ_b),商洛很低(Ⅰ_a),安康属碳汇(Ⅰs);陕北和除宝鸡以外的关中地区(西安、咸阳、宝鸡、铜川和渭南)的水资源压力很高(Ⅲ_b),宝鸡中下(Ⅱ_a),商洛较低(Ⅰ_b),汉中和安康很低(Ⅰ_a);陕北和西安的资源环境压力很高(Ⅲ_b),铜川、渭南和咸阳较高(Ⅲ_a),宝鸡较低(Ⅰ_b),陕南(商洛、安康和汉中)很低(Ⅰ_a)。降低陕西省资源环境压力的制约因素是GHG排放的快速增高。严守耕地资源红线和依靠农业高新技术、调整能源消费结构、加强森林保育及坚持绿色发展,是提高陕西省生态文明建设水平的关键。

In order to evaluate the regional resource -environmental pressure and to provide a reference for the construction of an ecological civilization, we proposed an evaluation system considering the footprint family. This system allowed for the study of resource - environmental pressure in Shaanxi Province, China. The results re- vealed that, in Shaanxi Province, ecological pressure decreased from a below - average grade （ Ⅱa ） to a low grade （Ⅰ b）- GHG emissions increased from a low grade （ Ⅰ b） to an above - average grade （Ⅱb）. Water re- source pressure decreased from an above -average grade （ Ⅱ b） to a below -average grade （Ⅱa）. Resource - environmental pressure decreased from a below - average grade （Ⅱ a ） to a very low grade （ Ⅰ a） during 1990 - 2003, and then increased to a below -average grade （Ⅱa） during 2003 -2013. In space, ecological pressure was very high grade （Ⅲb） in Xihn Ctiy and Weinan Ctiy, was high grade （Ⅲa） in Xianyang Ctiy and Yanhn Ctiy, was above -average grade （ Ⅱ b ） in Tongchuan Ctiy, was below- average grade （Ⅱa） in Yulin Ctiy, Baoji Ctiy and Ankang Ctiy, was low grade （ I b） in Hanzhong Ctiy and Shangluo Ctiy. GHG emissions were very high grade （Ⅲb） in northern Shaanxi region （Yulin Ctiy and Yanhn Ctiy） and Tongchuan Ctiy, high grade （Ⅲa） in Xihn Ctiy, above - average grade （ Ⅱ b） in Xianyang Ctiy, below - average grade （ Ⅱ a） in in Weinan Ctiy, very low grade （ Ⅰb ） in Baoji Ctiy and Hanzhong Ctiy, very low grade （ Ⅰa ） in Shangluo Ctiy, carbon se- questration （ Ⅰa） in Ankang Ctiy. Water resource pressure was very high grade （ Ⅲb） in northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong region （Xihn Ctiy, Xianyang Ctiy, Baoji Ctiy, Tongchuan Ctiy and Weinan Ctiy） except Baoji Ctiy, was below- average grade （ Ⅱa） in Baoji Ctiy, low grade （ Ⅰ b） in Shangluo Ctiy, very low grade （Ⅰ a） in Hanzhong Ctiy and Ankang Ctiy. Resource -environmental pressure was high grade （ Ⅲa） in northern Shaanxi region and Xi＇an Ctiy, was high grade （Ⅲa） in Tongchuan Ctiy, Weinan Ctiy and Xianyang Ctiy, low grade （ Ⅰb） in Baoji Ctiy, very low grade （ Ⅰa ） in southern Shaanxi region. The constraint factor for reducing re- source -environmental pressure in Shaanxi Province was the rapid increase of GHG emissions. In the future, it would be the key issues to promote ecological civilization construction in Shaanxi Province such as keeping the red line of cultivated land resources, promoting agricultural technology, adjusting energy consumption structure, developing vigorously the clean energy, strengthening forest conservation, insisting on green development.