互补还是替代:“社会养老”与“家庭养老”——基于城乡差异的分析视角

Complementary or Alternative:Social Pension and Family Pension——Based on the Analysis of the Differences between Urban and Rural Areas

中国人口老龄化日趋严重,家庭养老模式受到严峻挑战。基于2011年中国老年健康影响因素(CLHLS)跟踪调查数据,本文采用Logit模型与多元线性回归模型,将家庭养老分为生活照料、精神慰藉与经济供养三个维度,实证分析了社会养老对家庭养老的影响。研究发现,社会养老在一定程度上替代了家庭养老,但其替代性存在城乡差异。对城镇老年人而言,社会养老不但弱化了子女对老人的精神慰藉,还挤出了子女对老人的经济供养;对农村老年人而言,社会养老仅对老人的生活照料有负向效应,而对精神慰藉与经济供养没有起到显著的影响。通过解释机制发现,原因在于居住方式起到了调节效应,进而作用于社会养老与精神慰藉及生活照料的关系。本文的研究结论具有重要的政策指导意义,我国在完善社会养老的同时,应协调社会养老与家庭养老的关系,形成社会养老与家庭养老互补并融合的发展局面,切实解决老年人的养老困境。

China's aging population has become increasingly serious,family pension mode by severe challenges. Based on 2011 Chinese elderly health factors(CLHLS)tracking survey data,using the Logit model and multiple linear regression model,the family endowment is divided into life care and spiritual comfort and economic support three dimensions,the empirical analysis of the influence of social endowment of family pension.The study found that social endowment replaced the family pension,to a certain extent but its alternative urban and rural differences. For urban elderly,social pension not only weaken the children to the old man's spiritual comfort,and support to the economy of the old man out of the children;Social endowment for rural elderly people only care have a negative effect on the lives of the old man,and for spiritual comfort and economic support without a dramatic effect. By interpreting mechanism is found,the reason is that living way has the adjustment effect,which acts on the social endowment and spiritual comfort and the relationship between the life care. Research conclusions of this paper have important policy implications,in perfecting social pension in our country at the same time,should coordinate the relationship between social old-age pension and family,to develop social pension and family situation of the development of complementary pension and fusion,and solve the elderly endowment.