以“互动”为中心的社会运动演化分析——对中国台湾的个案观察

An Interaction-Based Analysis of Social Movement Evolution——Based on a Case Study in Taiwan

2014年中国台湾地区爆发的"太阳花运动",至今余波未平。先行研究主要从资源动员、政治机会结构与构框理论这三种理论视角对这一运动进行分析。而本研究基于"关系现实主义"的本体论取向,采用个案分析法,以"太阳花运动"作为研究对象,尝试建立一个以"互动"为中心的多元动态分析框架。该框架强调参与主体能动性的作用,并为现有研究的静态结构性分析增加"时间"这一维度,揭示运动中各个主体交往互动的中观机制。基于此框架,本研究指出,"太阳花运动"的产生与发展,既不是由某个组织或领导人制造的,也非全然由结构性因素决定的,而是在主体不断互动的过程中逐渐形成的。在这一过程中,主体根据所处情境,不断改变互动时的策略选择。简单说来,社会运动有着自身的逻辑,由自身演化而来。本研究提出的理论框架主要着眼于"事后"解析。

The objective of this paper is to provide a novel illustration of the origin and development of the Sunflower Movement. This paper is a theory-generating single case study,of which the data was collected mainly based on the authors' semi-structured interviews in Taiwan as well as some second hand materials such as 'Legislative Yuan Bulletins',academic journals and etc. In contrast to the existing static perspectives,this article attempts to introduce a multi-player dynamic framework. This framework is centered on the agents' interations,which is built on three specific elements:(1) Identification of interactive subjects;(2) Display of the activeness of subjects;(3)Illustration of the interactive forms. Based on this analytical framework,this article argues that the occurrence and development of the Sunflower Movement is neither made by any single organization or political figure,nor determined by structural factors. Instead,it is a consequence of interactions among various subjects in the movement. Simply put,the social movement has its own logic,and it is an evo-lutionary process. The theoretical framework introduced in this work is more advantageous to make 'ex post' than 'ex ante' analysis. In addition,the external validity of the findings can not be known with single case.Moreover,the interviewees of this work also need to be further diversified so as to raise their representativeness and the reliability of the findings.