《史记》贾谊传录文深意探究

A Study of the Deep Meaning of Selected Articles in "Jia Yi Biography" from Records of the Grand Historian

贾谊有大量影响广泛而深远的"切于世事"的政论文和多篇骚体赋。然而《史记》贾谊传却偏偏不忌重复地选录两篇同类型的"不切于世事"的骚体赋。为何?该传立意于探讨人生困境下士人的生死去就、志行操守问题,贾谊"切于世事"的作品因不切合该命题致使落选。《吊屈原赋》《鵩鸟赋》虽有雷同的因素但表达的思想内容不同,从而构成了对该命题的讨论和对屈原式精神行为的不同角度的反思,因此并录而不重复。《惜誓》系代屈原立言,遮掩了作者贾谊的主体性,使之不能跳出被代者身份而未参与该命题的讨论与反思,终致落选。

Jia Yi created a great number of widespread and profound political essays about state affairs and several articles of ＂SaoTi fu＂. However, the biography of Jia Yi in Records of the Grand Historian selected two ＂SaoTi fu＂ articles of the same type without worrying about repetition. Why so？ Because this biography aimed to discuss about how intellectuals at the plight of life deal with life and death, ambition and chastity. Jia Yi＇s articles about state affairs did not comply with this proposition, so they had not been selected. Both ＂Diao Qu yuan Fu＂ and ＂Fu bird Fu＂ share some similarities, but express different ideas, making a discussion of this proposition and reflection upon QuYuan＇s spirit in different perspectives, so the two articles were chosen. Xi Shi expresses Qu Yuan＇s thought while concealing the author Jia Yi＇s identity, making it impossible to engage in the discussion and reflection of the very proposition. Therefore, it was not selected in Records of the Grand Historian.