对鬼臼“同名异物”的疏分

Differentiating homonym of the plant“guǐ jiù”

《神农本草经》始记载的"鬼臼",因以根状茎入药,自古来源复杂。但南北朝陶弘景已知鬼臼"有两种",且将马目毒公分出。而《本草纲目》却不以为然,而且将唐、宋文献中与鬼臼相关的许多植物名作鬼臼的异名;当代《中华本草》,又以这些名称和明、清文献中与"鬼臼"有关的植物名称,均作"八角莲"的异名,使"鬼臼"来源仍很杂乱。经考证确认:今小檗科鬼臼属植物Dysosma versipellis(Hance)M.Cheng ex Ying当系鬼臼正品;羞天花、八角盘、金星八角指同属植物D.majorensis(Gagnep.)Ying,以及D.veitchii(Hemsl.et Wils.)Fu ex Ying;宋代诗文中的"琼田草""唐婆镜",应是叶面有光泽的D.pleiantha(Hance)Woodson;"木律草"原描述"有二种",形态杂乱,可疏分为D.difformis(Hemsl.et Wils.)T.H.Wang和D.majorensis(Gagnep.)Ying,而花"青白色"者,则当系山荷叶属植物Diphylleia sinensis H.L.Li,它也是马目毒公、旱荷叶、山荷叶的原植物。在分类粗放的古代,它们均与"鬼臼"混同。

The word ＂gui jiu＂ was first recorded in the Chinese book Divine Farmer＇s Materi- a Medica, and had complex sources for its reference item in ancient times. The Chinese med- ical scientist Tao Hongjing in Southern and Northern Dynasties was aware that there were two kinds of ＂gui jiu＂, and separated them from the plant ＂md mfl dfl gong＂. Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty disagreed nevertheless with the fact, and regarded many botanical names related to ＂gui jiu＂ existing in the literature of Tang and Song dynasties as variant names of ＂gui jiu＂. Contemporary Chinese Materia Medica added the names of cer- tain plants related to ＂gui jiu＂ emerging since Ming and Qing dynasties, and treated those names as variant names of the plant ＂ha jiao lian＂, which confused the sources of ＂gui jiu＂ further. Textual research confirmed that the main source of ＂guf jiu＂ is the genus of Dysos- ma Woodson, Berberidaceae of current times, among which Dysosma versipellis （Hanee） M. Cheng ex Ying is the authentic ＂guijiu＂. ＂xio tian hua, ＂ba jiao pan＂, and ＂jin xing bd jiao＂ refer to the same genus plants D. majorensis （Gagnep.） Ying and D. veitchii （Hemsl. et Wils. ） Fu ex Ying. ＂qiong tian cao＂ and ＂tdng pa jing＂ in the poetry of Song dynasty are supposed to be glossy foliage Dysosma pleiantha （Hance） Woodson. Original description for ＂shfi lfi cho＂ Was ＂There are two categories＂, and the morphological characteristics were in a clutter. ＂shfi lfi cao＂ can be divided into D. difformis （Hemsl. et Wils. ） T. H. Wang ex Ying and D. majorensis （Gagnep.） Ying. The one with ＂bluish white＂ flowers may refer to Diphylleia sinensis H. L. Li in the genus with similar morphology, who is also the original plant for ＂ma mu du gong＂, ＂hdn he ye＂ and ＂shdn he ye＂, and one of the original plants for ＂gui jiu＂ in Divine Farmer＇s Materia Medica.