文化差异与音乐音色感知的相关性分析

A cross-cultural analysis of musical timbre perception:comparison between Chinese and Western culture

目的：评价中国和外国听力正常者对音乐音色的辨别能力,分析文化差异与音色感知的相关性,以期为我国人工耳蜗植入者音乐感知的评估及其评估工具的设计开发提供依据。方法：选取成年且音乐经验相匹配的中国听力正常者（CNH）和外国听力正常者（FNH）各40例。应用音乐评估软件（Mu.S.I.C）对受试者进行不同乐器识别能力（包括不同乐器家族的小提琴、小号、双簧管、钢琴、木琴和男高音、女高音共7种音色）和不同乐器数辨别能力（乐器组合选项包括同时演奏1~5种乐器）的测试,记录两项测试的识别正确率。结果：FNH组和CNH组乐器识别正确率分别为（95.58±8.90）%和（89.40±13.13）%（P〈0.05）,乐器数辨别正确率分别为（80.50±16.32）%和（73.25±21.17）%（P〉0.05）;CNH组对于双簧管、小号、木琴的平均识别率均低于FNH组;两组受试者均对管乐器中的双簧管和小号识别率较低,且CNH组对双簧管和小号的识别具有较大的混淆率。结论：外国听力正常受试者的音色识别优于中国受试者,文化差异对音乐音色感知存在显著影响。

Objective：To assess the musical timbre perception ability of normal hearing subjects with different cultural background,and to analyze the correlation between cultural differences and timbre perception.Method：Forty Chinese normal hearing adults（CNH）and 40 normal hearing adults from other countries（FNH）participated in this study.The Mu.S.I.C test was applied for the assessment.The correct rate of musical instrument recognition and numbers of instrument identification of each participant were recorded.Instrument Identification Test was performed with tenor,soprano,and 5representative musical instruments from different families of musical instruments,and the Instrument Detection Test was performed with mixing sounds of musical instruments.Result：The correct rate of musical instrument recognition in FNH and CNH was（95.58±8.90）% and（89.40±13.13）%（P〉0.05）,respectively.The correct rate of numbers of instrument detection in FNH and CNH was（80.50±16.32）% and（73.25±21.17）%（P〈0.05）,respectively.The correct rate of CNH was lower than those of FNH for the trumpet,the oboe and the xylophone.Participants in both 2groups were more easily failed to recognize the oboe and the trumpet compared the other musical instruments,especially in CNH group.Conclusion：Subjects with Western culture performed better than Chinese subjects on timbre perception.Cultural differences have a significant impact on musical timbre perception.