新生代与传统农民工社会公平感的影响因素研究

A Comparative Study on the Influence Mechanism of the Sense of Social Justice between the New and the Old Generation of Migrant Workers

文章利用"长三角地区工作与生活调查"数据,对1 766位新生代农民工和702位传统农民工进行分析。结果发现,农民工的公平感普遍低于本地或外地城市工人,尽管两代农民工的公平感没有显著差异,但在影响因素方面却存在明显的不同。总体上看,结构变量(教育和收入)对两代农民工公平感的解释力不及局部比较变量(主观地位)的解释力;相对而言,教育水平、主观地位对新生代农民工公平感的影响更为明显;而收入水平对传统农民工公平感的影响更大。新生代农民工在判断社会公平时更注重与本地城市人口社会经济地位的差异,而传统农民工则更看重在实际工作中所获得的物质利益。此外,在直辖市、省会城市及地级市工作的新生代和传统农民工的公平感存在显著差异。因此,文章建议提升农民工人力资本水平、保障和提升农民工的劳动力收入、各级城市应根据自身特点推进一系列公共服务均等化等措施,以提升两代农民工的社会公平感,促进农民工的城市融合。

This paper is based on the 'Work and Life Survey in the Yangtze River Delta' which is consisted of a sample data of 1 766 new generation of migrant workers and 702 old generation of migrant workers. The analysis reveals that the sense of social justice of migrant workers is generally lower than that of the local or non-local urban workers. Although there were no significant differentiations in terms of the sense of justice between the two generations of migrant workers, the influence mechanism is rather different. Overall, the effects of structural variables, such as education and income, are lower than the local comparative variables, such as subjective status, concerning the sense of social justice between the two generations. Relatively speaking, the influences of education and subjective status are more significant on the new generation of migrant workers, while the influence of income is stronger on the old generation. Meanwhile, differences in social and economic status from the local urban population are more emphasised by the new generation of migrant workers in judging social justice, while the old generation are more concerned with the material gain from their day-to-day work. Besides, the sense of social justice also differs among the migrant workers working at municipalities, provincial capitals and prefecture level cities. Therefore, the paper suggests that government at all levels should improve human capital of migrant workers, sustain and increase their income level, and implement a series of localised measures to achieve equalisation of public services, so as to improve the sense of social justice and urban integration between the two generations of migrant workers.