南极半岛北部气温特征及与海冰的相互关系

Characteristics of Temperature in Northern Antarctic Peninsula and Their Relationship with Seaice

依据1974—2013年Vernadsky、Marambio、Esperanza、Marsh站月、季、年平均气温和各站附近海域的海冰密集度,采用线性回归倾向估计方法,对近40年的气温特征及与海冰的相互关系进行了研究。结果表明,近40年南极半岛北部气温呈变暖趋势,海冰密集度与气温的变化为负相关。近40年年平均气温升温情况分别为Vernadsky 2.24℃、Marambio 0.88℃、Esperanza 0.8℃、Marsh 0.12℃。冬季升温是南极半岛北部年平均气温升高的关键,西海岸则是半岛北部升温速度最快的区域。南极半岛北部气温高值区位于乔治王岛,低值区位于东海岸。20世纪90年代中期到本世纪初气温升温明显,是造成近40年气温变暖的关键期。海冰密集度除Marambio呈弱增长趋势外,其余3个站均明显减少。这一变化也证实了:西海岸升温显著,东海岸和乔治王岛升温相对缓和。

According to the annual,seasonal,and monthly average temperature of Vernadsky,Marambio,Esperanza,and Marsh stations from 1974 to 2013and the seaice concentration data from the near waters,by means of the linear regression tendency estimation method and Mexican Hat wavelet analysis method,the temperature characteristics and their relationship with seaice are studied.The results show that in the recent 40 years,the temperature in the northern Antarctic Peninsula had a warming trend;the change of sea ice concentration was negatively correlated with the change of temperature.The average temperature change was 2.24 ℃ at Vernadsky,0.88 ℃ at Marambio,0.8 ℃ at Esperanza,and 0.12 ℃ at Marsh.Winter warming was the key to the increase of the average temperature in the northern Antarctic Peninsula.The west coast was the fastest warming region,and the high value area is on the east coast of the George Island.The temperature rising was most obvious in the middle 1990 s,which was the key period of warming in the last 40 years.The seaice concentrations,except the weak growth at Marambio,were significantly reduced the remaining three stations.This change also confirms that the warming was relatively significant in West Coast and relatively moderate in the east coast and the King George Island.