从“蒙地”到北方草原:草原政策的历史背景

From the Mongol Land to the North Grassland:the Historical Contexts of the Grassland Policy

从"蒙地"向"北方草原"的转变,为草原政策的形成和变迁提供了原初动力。清末民初的一系列"变故"推动蒙古草原进入近代化历程,这个历程的实质就是"中原-边疆"的横向空间关系被置换为"中央-地方"的纵向权力关系,"内蒙古"随之转变为内蒙古自治区并成为新中国行政疆域和政权格局内的一个地方单位。现代意义上的"北方草原"就存在于该地方单位之内,针对北方草原所实施的草原政策则因此成为纵向地贯彻国家意志、完成中央管理地方的重要工具。由近代种种"转变"所构成的草原政策的历史背景,正是理解当前围绕草原政策形成的政策辩论的历史依据。

The transformation of ＂ the Mongol land＂ to ＂ the North Grassland＂ provided the initial impetus for the formation and change of grassland policy. In late Qing（ Wan Qing） and early Republic of China（ Min Guo）,a series of ＂ accidental events＂ pushed the Mongolian grassland into the process of modernization,which was in essence the replacement of the horizontal spatial relation of ＂ the Central Plain-frontier＂ by the vertical power relation of ＂ the central government-local government＂. Accordingly, ＂ Inner Mongolia＂ was renamed Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and became a local unit in the New China＇s administrative territory and regime structure. ＂ The North Grassland＂ in its modern sense exists in this local unit,and accordingly the grassland policy directed at the north grassland became an important tool for vertically implementing the national will and completing the administration of local regions by the central government. Such historical contexts of the grassland policies consisting of the various ＂ changes＂ are the historical basis for understanding the grassland policy debates centered around the formation of the present grassland policy.