免耕不同留茬覆盖对旱作燕麦田土壤水分及温度的影响

Effects of No-tillage with Different Mulching Methods on Soil Water and Temperature in Rainfed Oats Field

研究了免耕不同留茬覆盖方式对旱作燕麦田土壤水分及温度的影响。结果表明,免耕各留茬覆盖处理下0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层土壤含水率均极显著高于常规耕作,各土层土壤含水率高低顺序依次为免耕高留茬高覆盖〉免耕低留茬高覆盖〉免耕高留茬低覆盖〉免耕低留茬低覆盖〉常规耕作。与土壤含水率相反,免耕各留茬覆盖处理不同测定时期的09：00—11：00内在10 cm和20 cm处土壤温度均显著低于常规耕作,各土层地温高低顺序与含水率顺序相反。免耕不同留茬覆盖对燕麦产量具有显著地提高作用,其中免耕高留茬高覆盖产量最高,为2 111.4 kg/hm2,较对照增产18.6%,产量总体表现为免耕高留茬高覆盖〉免耕低留茬高覆盖〉免耕高留茬低覆盖〉免耕低留茬低覆盖〉常规耕作。

The effects of no-tillage with different mulching methods on soil water and temperature in oats field were studied. The results showed that the soil water content in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layer under differ- ent mulching methods was significantly higher than that of conventional tillage. The average soil water content in 0- 10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layer was showed as follows： high straw mulch combining with high stubble〉high straw mulch combining with low stubble〉low straw mulch combining with high stubble〉low straw mulch com- bining with low stubble〉conventional tillage. However, soil temperature at 10 cm and 20 cm point under differ- ent mulching methods was significantly lower than that of conventional tillage, which followed the order of high straw mulch combining with high stubble〈high straw mulch combining with low stubble〈low straw mulch com- bining with high stubble〈low straw mulch combining with low stubble〈conventional tillage. No-tillage with dif- ferent mulching methods could improve significantly oat yield, and the yield of high straw mulch combining with high stubble was the highest, which was 2 111.4 kg/hm：. Compared with the contrast, the yield increased by 12.65%. The order of oat yield was： high straw mulch combining with high stubble〉high straw mulch combining with low stubble〉low straw mulch combining with high stubble〉low straw mulch combining with low stubble〉 conventional tillage.