上海市松江区公共场所空调系统嗜肺军团菌污染状况

Legionella pneumophila Pollution in Air-Conditioning Systems in Public Places of Songjiang District,Shanghai

[目的]了解上海市松江区公共场所空调系统冷却水和冷凝水嗜肺军团菌污染状况,为预防军团病的发生和流行提供依据。[方法]于2015年7—10月,分别采集松江区8家酒店、7家超市、8幢办公楼等公共场所空调系统的冷却水和冷凝水共66件,应用PCR技术和常规微生物平板分离法同时检测,并进行血清学分型鉴定。[结果]冷却水中常规分离培养方法检测嗜肺军团菌阳性率为51.6%,PCR方法检测的阳性率为58.3%;冷凝水中常规分离培养方法检出阳性率为11.4%,PCR方法检出阳性率为14.3%,两种方法均显示冷却水中检出的阳性率明显高于冷凝水的阳性率,二者差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);本研究共检出5种不同血清型的嗜肺军团菌,其中以LP1血清型为主,占73.9%;而一个样品中检出两种血清型的占13.0%;两种检测方法差异无统计学意义,且酒店、超市、办公楼不同场所嗜肺军团菌的污染率的差异也无统计学意义。[结论]上海市松江区公共场所空调系统存在嗜肺军团菌的污染,必须加大对公共场所集中空调通风系统的监督管理力度,加强清洁和消毒工作,以防军团病的暴发和流行。

[ Objective ] To investigate Legionella pneumophila pollution in public air-conditioning cooling water and condensate water in Songjiang District of Shanghai, and provide a basis for the prevention of legionnaires＇ disease.[ Methods] A total of 66 samples of air-oonditioning cooling water and condensate water were collected from 8 hotels, 7 supermarkets, and 8 office buildings from July to October in 2015. PCR technique and routine microorganism identification technique were applied. Serological identification was also carried out. [ Results ] The positive rate of Legionellapneumophila was 51.6% in cooling water samples by the routine technique and 58.3% by PCR. The positive rate of Legionellapneumophila was 11.4% in condensate water samples by the routine technique and 14.3% by PCR. Higher positive rates in cooling water than in condensate water were shown by the two techniques, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.01）. There were five different serological types identified, with LP1 as the major one, accounting for 73.9%. The proportion of two types identified in one sample was 13.0%. No statistical differences were shown by the two methods. The difference in positive rates of Legionella pneumophila was not statistically significant among hotels, supermarkets, and office buildings. [ Conclusion ] Legionellapneumophila eontarnination exists in air-conditioning systems in public places in Songjiang District. Attention needs to be paid to the supervision of Mr-conditioning systems in public places for the sake of preventing Legionellapneumophila outbreak and prevalence.