日照市2013—2015年农村学校饮用水卫生监测结果分析

Analysis on Hygienic Monitoring Results of Drinking Water in Rural Schools in Rizhao City,2013-2015

[目的]了解日照市农村学校生活饮用水卫生状况,探讨农村学校饮用水卫生管理措施。[方法]以该市全部农村学校为调查对象,进行丰水期和枯水期水质常规监测。2013年随机抽取全市农村学校总数的1/3进行水质卫生监测,2014年在2013年剩余未监测农村学校中按1/2比例随机抽取农村学校进行饮用水监测,2015年对前两年剩余未监测的农村学校进行饮用水监测。[结果]使用消毒措施的农村学校占本市农村学校总数的30.77%;192份使用消毒处理措施的水样合格率为90.10%,432份未使用消毒处理措施的水样合格率为53.01%,差别具有统计学意义(χ2=30.40,P<0.05);消毒剂指标检测合格的水样中其微生物指标合格率为98.33%,消毒剂指标检测不合格的水样中其微生物指标检测合格率为25%,差别具有统计学意义(χ2=91.12,P<0.05)。[结论]该市农村学校饮用水存在的主要问题是配备使用消毒处理措施的供水工程比例偏低,未使用消毒处理措施的农村学校饮用水水质合格率偏低,农村学校供水工程消毒处理方式需进一步完善,以保证学生的饮水健康。

[ Objective ] To understand the hygienic status of drinking water in rural schools in Rizhao City, and to discuss the management measures of drinking water for rural schools. [ Methods ] The drinking water samples of all rural schools in Rizhao City were collected for regular monitoring in wet and dry seasons. In 2013, 1/3 of the rural schools were randomly selected to test drinking water quality; in 2014, 1/2 of the rural schools not enrolled last year were randomly selected for the test; in 2015, the rest of the rural schools were tested. [ Results ] There were 30.77% of the rural schools taking disinfection measures in drinking water systems. The qualification rate of water quality of the 192 drinking water samples with disinfection measures was 90.10%, and the rate of the 432 drinking water samples without disinfection measures was 53.01% （ZP=30.40, P〈0.05）. The qualification rate of microbial index of drinking water samples with qualified and disqualified disinfectant indexes was 98.33% and 25% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant （Zz=91.12, P〈0.05）. [ Conclusion ] The findings indicate a low rate of drinking water systems equipped with disinfection devices and a low rate of qualified water quality in rural schools without disinfection measures. Therefore, the rural schools should take improved disinfection measures to ensure the hygiene of students＇ drinking water.