中国铁路能效提升的路径选择与机制创新

Route Options and Mechanism Innovation for Enhancing Energy Efficiency of Chinese Railway

在资源和环境的双重压力下,很多国家注重发挥铁路低碳减排的作用,通过技术、管理、市场和政府政策扶持等手段,促进铁路能效的提高。其中结构性节能减排成效更为突出,已成为国外铁路主要采用的节能减排措施,各国铁路节能减排的做法已经从以技术层面为主向以结构层面为主转变。中国铁路在借鉴国外经验的同时,根据新形势发展的需要,合理选择能效提升路径,并进行节能减排流程再造和机制创新。提升能效的关键环节包括能耗结构的再优化、节能技术再创新以及运输组织优化等。路径选择包括继续推进电气化铁路建设,加大新能源和可再生能源利用力度以及推进铁路运输组织改革等。为了保证能取得预期目标,还需要制定相关的配套政策和措施,包括通过相关的政策扶持,积极引导综合交通运输向着以铁路为轴心的发展方向迈进;推进节能减排机制创新,强化政策激励;注重通过市场行为提升铁路能效水平;同时,要及时关注铁路行业出现的一些新的现象并加以跟踪分析研究。

In the face of resource and environmental pressure,many countries have placed a high value on the role of railways in reducing emissions and have moved to promote the enhancement of energy efficiency of railways through technical,managerial,market or policy incentive approaches.The results of structural energy saving and emission reduction are especially impressive and this has become the most common approach adopted by foreign railways to saving energy and reducing emissions.Foreign railways＇energy saving and emission reduction practices have shifted from the focus on technology to a focus on structural changes.Draw-ing on foreign experience,Chinese Railway has carefully selected the route for enhancing its energy efficien-cy,reengineered the process of saving energy and reducing emissions and innovate mechanisms to adapt to the new situation.The key to improving energy efficiency is to re-optimize the energy consumption structure,re-innovate energy saving technologies and optimize transportation organizations.Route options include continu-ing to push construction of electrified railways,stepping up effort to use new energy and renewable energy and push a reform in railway transportation organizations.To ensure the achievement of set objectives,the country needs to work on related policies and measures,including offering policy incentives to guide the development of the comprehensive transportation sector in a direction with the railway at the center,pushing innovations in the energy saving and emission reduction mechanism,strengthening policy incentives,raising the energy efficiency of railways by means of market forces and monitoring and analyzing the new phenomena in the railway industry.