黄河三角洲芦苇湿地生态修复效果评价研究

Assessment of Effectiveness of Ecological Restoration of Reed Wetlands in the Yellow River Delta

基于黄河三角洲芦苇湿地退化现状及所实施的生态修复工程,以正负参照系选取了4块不同修复年限的样地,从湿地生态系统的环境质量、结构与功能的角度构建了湿地修复效果评价指标体系,利用层次分析法确定各指标权重,利用模糊综合评价法对黄河三角洲盐渍化芦苇湿地的修复效果进行定量评价。结果表明:黄河三角洲芦苇湿地4年修复期的样地评价得分为4.01,2年修复期的样地评价得分为3.16,对应评价结果分别为"优"和"良"的等级。相比负向对照,修复区的水体指标和土壤指标参数显著改善,而植被生物量和密度与自然样地还有较大差距,说明生物群落的建立需要更长的时间;同时,湿地水资源管理是该区芦苇湿地生态修复工程的关键,应根据芦苇不同生长期的需水量,制定合理的抽灌制度,达到洗碱脱盐和植被建群的双重目的。

Based on an analysis of current status of degradation and the implemented ecological restoration project of Reed wetlands in the Yellow River Delta, a system of indicators was developed for assessing the effectiveness of ecological restoration projects implemented in Dongying, Shandong Province. The indicators were referred to water quality, soil indicators and community structure. AHP model was used to calculate the weight of each indicator and integrated evaluation was used to assess the effectiveness of restoration. Results showed that the score of four year restoration site was“4.01”, corresponding to the level of“very good”. The performance of the two years restoration site reached the level of“good”with a score of 3.16. The quality of water and soil has been improved signiifcantly. However, the vegetation coverage and biomass for the two restoration sites were remain significantly lower compared to those of natural wetland, suggesting that the restoration of plant community will take a longer time than other indicators. Furthermore, fresh water resources are critical for the restoration objects in this area. Therefore, the optimum irrigation scheme according to water demand at different growing period should be considered to remove the salinization.