宁夏固原市生物资源消耗生态足迹的区域差异分析

Regional differences of ecological footprint analysis of biological resource consumption in Guyuan City,Ningxia Province

基于"市公顷"生态足迹法,应用2013年土地平均产量核算了固原市4县1区在生产经营(即固原市生产量)、销售产品(即固原市流出量)、购入产品(即固原市流入量)3种组分下的生态足迹,探讨不同地区各种生物资源产品的生态足迹消耗;分析固原市及其区县生态足迹最终的实际消耗量与生物承载力之间的关系。结果表明:除泾源县外,固原市及其3县1区(原州区、西吉县、隆德县和彭阳县)的本地生产是其实际消耗生态足迹的主要来源。各区县对生物资源产品生态足迹的消耗表现为泾源县以粮食产品为主,而固原市其他3县1区则以肉蛋奶为主。固原市2013年生物资源生态赤字达0.835 0 hm2·cap^(-1),生态压力指数达2.35,其他区县也都表现为生态赤字,只是生态赤字程度和生态压力各不相同。研究结果揭示出无论是从固原市整体还是从其各个区县来看,固原市的生态环境形势都极为严峻,应结合当地的经济发展程度合理提升其资源利用效率,改善当地的生态环境与人类社会之间关系。

After practicing the Green for Grain Project since 2000 in Guyuan,the decrease of cultivated land and increase of forest and grassland pose significant challenges for the supply of biological products. Whether the present biological productive land use patterns can satisfy the requirement of biological products for indigenes is an urgent problem. Based on the＂City Hectare＂Ecological Footprint（EF）Method,using the average yield per unit area of Guyuan in 2013,this paper calculated the EFs of biological resource consumption from the current production（local production）,sales of products（outflow）,and purchased products（inflow）in five counties of Guyuan City,analyzed EF consumption from biological resource products in different counties and their spatial distributions,compared the actual EF and Bio-Capacity（BC）of five counties in Guyuan City,and analyzed the differences of EF and BC in different biological productive land of the counties under study. The results show in addition to Jingyuan County,per capita EF of biological resource production was greater than the inflow of EF in other four counties named Yuanzhou,Xiji,Longde and Pengyang. Local production was the main source of the actual consumption of EF. While the results in Jingyuan show that the EF of production was less than its inflow,the contribution rate of production for the actual EF consumption was 40.08%. The EF demand from cultivated land in the county mainly depended on the purchase from the outside area,leading to the inflow contribution rate of cultivated land reached to 96%. It is revealed that the biological resource product of EF consumption in Jingyuan was mainly grain product,while the consumption in other four counties was dominated by meat,milk and eggs. The actual EF of biological resources products in Guyuan in 2013 was 1.454 7 hm2·cap^（-1）,while per capita BC was only 0.617 9 hm2·cap^（-1）,causing the ecological deficit of 0.835 0 hm2·cap^（-1）and with the ecological pressure index of 2.35. Other counties of Guyuan were also characterized by ecological deficit,but the ecological deficit and ecological pressure were not identical. By using＂City Hectare＂EF method,this paper exhibited the supply and demand of the local biological resources consumption and the land resource utilization and consumption in the study area. Research results reveal that both at the city and county scale,the ecological situation is extremely vulnerable,and local resource consumption is the main source of EF consumption. Therefore,it is compulsory to improve the relationship between local ecological environment and human society;we should improve the local natural resources utilization efficiency based on the local economic development levels,and adjust the food consumption structure,promote the consumption diversification,reduce the EF demand from cultivated land.