新疆自治区级非物质文化遗产空间分布及地域分区研究

Spatial distribution and regional division of province-level intangible cultural heritage in Xinjiang

选取新疆截止2015年自治区文化厅公布的自治区级非物质文化遗产项目为研究对象。通过计算非物质文化遗产项目的地理集中指数、基尼系数、moran’s I指数,综合运用Arc Gis与Geo Da软件,系统分析新疆非物质文化遗产项目的类型结构特征、整体空间分布格局以及区域分布状况。结果表明:(1)新疆非物质文化遗产的主要类型为传统手工技艺、传统音乐、民俗、民间文学,而传统医药、曲艺、传统戏剧项目类型稀缺。(2)非物质文化遗产项目整体表现为聚集分布,区域间分布为非均衡集中分布,主要集中在喀什地区、伊犁州直属县(市)、乌鲁木齐市、巴音郭楞蒙古自治州等地。(3)北疆形成以哈萨克族、锡伯族、乌孜别克族、达斡尔族、塔塔尔族、俄罗斯族等民族的非物质文化遗产项目为主体的分布区,南疆与东疆形成以维吾尔族的非物质文化遗产项目为主体的分布区。区域间成组团式分布,民族性与地域性显著。

Intangible cultural heritage is considered as the basic and cardinal part of Chinese ethnic peoples＇ culture,which has important historical and art values. It is very helpful for the improvement of heritage protection and management to analyze the spatial distribution and regional division of province-level intangible cultural heritage in Xinjiang,China. Taken 371 integrated intangible cultural heritage projects till 2015 released by Department of the Culture of Xinjiang Autonomous Region as the research object,this paper analyzed systematically the overall spatial distribution arrangement and regional division of intangible cultural heritage projects in Xinjiang by calculating Geography Concentrate Index,Gini coefficient,Moran＇s I index with the help of Arc Gis and GeoDa software. Results show that the main types of the intangible cultural heritage in Xinjiang are traditional craftsmanship,traditional music,and folk customs,followed by folk literature,traditional art,traditional sports,entertainments and acrobatics,and traditional dance;but traditional medicine,folk art and traditional drama are scarce.Besides,intangible cultural heritage shows an aggregated distribution on the whole,yet the concentrated distribution between different regions is unbalanced. The distribution areas are mainly Kashi,Urumqi City,Counties（cities）Affiliated to Ili Prefecture,and of Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture,etc. In addition,the spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage is closely related to the spatial distribution of indigenous peoples＇ population in Xinjiang. To be specific,most intangible cultural heritage in northern Xinjiang chiefly belongs to Urumqi and Counties（cities）Affiliated to Ili Prefecture where Kazak,Xibo,Ozbek,Daur,Tatar and Russian nationalities inhabit;those in southern Xinjiang are spread in Kashi,Akesu and Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture,where Uyghur nationality live;and those in eastern Xinjiang are characterized by Uyghur nationality,combined with Han nationality as well. With cluster distribution between different regions,ethnic features and regional variations are remarkable. This paper explored the protection for cultural resources just from the perspective of spatial distribution and regional division of intangible cultural heritage,the future protection for intangible cultural heritage should pay more attention to multidisciplinary and comprehensive researches.