武术术语标准化命名研究

Study on the Naming of Wushu Terminology Standardization

术语之规范,或曰术语标准化,是标准化建设中最为重要,也是最为基础的任务。武术术语历史悠久,凝聚着武术发展经历的全部过程,肩负着武术知识传播、技术传递和文化交流的重要职责。术语一旦混乱,行动便无法统一。以标准化学科相关理论为指导,对武术术语标准化命名原则进行研究。对武术术语概念和特点及其标准化命名的必要性进行分别论述,在对武术术语进行分类与选用的基础上提出标准化命名原则:1)确切性原则:厘清竞技武术术语和传统武术术语之间的关系;2)约定俗成原则:推进文化传承,维护术语稳定;3)单义性原则:以"式"名区分名同实异的多义术语;4)简化原则:在同义术语中择取规范名;5)民族化原则:遣词用字需更能体现民族特色;6)强调概念原则:概念定义的标准化应先于名称标准化;7)传承保护原则:传承术语文化遗产,保护术语文化多样性。

The standardization of terminology（also known as terminology standadization）is the most important and basic task in the construction of standardization.Thus,it is vital and crucial without question.The using of Wushu terminology has a long-standing history.Therefore,it embodies the entire development process of Wushu and bear the great responsibility of knowledge dissemination,technology transfer and culture exchange in Wushu discipline.As a consequence,it would be a major confusion if people use terminology randomly and disorderly.This research aims to study the principle of terminology naming with some related discipline standardization theory as guidances.The study begins with discussions of the concept and characteristics of Wushu terminology,as well as the necessity of standardizational naming.Then,it puts forward the standardizational naming principles on the basis of classification and selection of Wushu terminology.Those principles are as follow：1）the exact principle：to clarify between the terminologies of competitive Wushu and traditional Wushu;2）common principle：to promote cultural inheritance and maintain terminology stable;3）the univocality principle：to use the word ＂type＂to distinguish between polysemous terms;4）the simplification principle：to unify the synonym terms;5）the nationalizational principle：to use words that can reflect national characteristics better;6）the principle of concept priority：to put the standardization of concept definition before the standardization of terminology;7）the principle of inheritance and protection：inheritance of term cultural heritage and protection term cultural diversification.