释“瘅”“疸”

Make textual criticisms and explanations of dan(瘅) and dan(疸)

结合古辞书、医籍、其他古籍文献中关于"瘅"和"疸"的相关记载,以形、音、义三方面为基础,对早期文献的论述进行详细考察。经考释,"瘅"有3种含义:一指一类由于虚劳导致气逆的病证;一指风邪侵袭手足所致疾病;一指火瘅,为小儿病,或同"火丹"。"疸"为酒食过度导致脾胃湿热瘀结,热气郁蒸所致的病证,表现为目黄、身微黄、齿黄、爪甲黄,并伴身痛。早期医籍中记载的"瘅"和"疸"的主要区别在于"瘅"以虚劳为前提,以气逆为基本病机,此气为胆气、全身阳气或五藏之气等;而"疸"为湿热蕴脾所致,其所郁蒸之气则为脾气。后来由于通假混用及其病证表现上的某些相似之处,二者在医籍中的病因病机、病证表现、证治方药等都出现了混同的情况。

With the basic information of character pattern,pronunciation and the meaning of a word,together with related records about ancient lexicographical works,the ancient medical books and other ancient books,the paper maked textual criticisms and explanations of dan（ 瘅）,dan（ 疸）. There are three implications of dan（ 瘅） ： that the disease because of reverse qi caused by consumptive disease; that the disease because of the wind evil invaded hands and feet; that the infantile disease of huo dan（ 火瘅）. The other dan（ 疸） is the disease because of damp heat in the spleen and the stomach caused by insobriety and hyperhagia,the symptom of which are yellow skin,eyes,tooth and nail,together with body pain. The main difference between the two is that dan（ 瘅） on condition that consumptive disease and on basic pathogenesis that reverse qi. The qi is gallbladder qi,general yang qi or the five internal organs qi and so on. Dan（ 疸） is caused by dampness-heat stagnating in spleen. Confused the two of etiology and pathogenesis,symptom,treatment and prescription is because of interchangeability of words or characters and similarity of symptom.