我国自然保护区功能区划现状与展望

Situation and Prospect of Functional Zoning of Nature Reserves in China

自然保护区是对野生动植物及其生境等进行就地保护最有效的方式,其功能区划是实现自然保护区可持续发展的重要途径。文中总结了我国自然保护区功能区划现状,以期促进我国自然保护区的规范化建设和管理。目前,我国自然保护区功能区划存在功能区缺失、缓冲区设置不合理和分区片段化等问题。实验区平均比例也要高于核心区和缓冲区,超过其总面积的1/3。在功能区划调整时,超过一半的自然保护区调减了其总面积。功能区划调整的主要原因涉及保护区与周边社区关系、保护区内工程建设项目和矿产资源开发等。未来自然保护区功能区划分或调整应更多地关注于其管理目标、连通性、最小面积、与相邻保护区的协调、功能分区的有效性以及相关科学理论的验证等。

Nature reserves are widely considered as the most effective way to protect rare wildlife and their habitats. Functional zoning is an important way to realize the sustainability of nature reserves. The paper studied and summarized the status of functional zoning of nature reserves in China in order to promote the standardization in the construction and management of nature reserves. Currently, functional zoning of nature reserve is still facing some problems such as lack of functional zone, irrational setup of buffer zone and fragmentation. In addition, the average ratio of experimental zone （ more than one third） is higher than that of core zone and buffer zone in a nature reserve. Moreover, with the adjustment of functional zoning, the total area of over 50% nature reserves has been decreased. Furthermore, functional zoning is adjusted mainly due to the community relations, engineering construction projects and extractive projects in nature reserves. In the future, functional zoning and adjustment should be more focused on the management goal, connectivity, minimum area, the coordination with the adjacent reserves, effectiveness of functional zonings, and the validation of related scientific theory.